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Ⅳ. 跨学科 历史典故“悬梁刺股” （2026·南京江宁区竹山中学阶段检测）首字母填空
Throughout history, many cultures value
52 A hedge between keeps friendship green. 君子之交淡
the importance of hard work. It's true that hard workers are always fighting a 1 the attraction(吸引力) of sleep. The allusion(典故) xuan liang ci gu, which means tying one's hair to the house beam(房梁) and stabbing one's thigh(大腿) with a sharp tool, tells two stories about the hard experiences of staying a 2 .
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a famous politician named Sun Jing, who really enjoyed studying, even in the evening. To stop h 3 falling asleep when reading at night, Sun came up with a special way. He tied his hair to the beam while reading. And that method w 4 . If he felt sleepy, his hair would be pulled upward by the rope and the p 5 would wake him up.
Before you are amazed by w 6 Sun Jing did, the story of Su Qin, another famous man who lived in the Warring States Period, was even more shocking. According to Strategies of the Warring States(《战国策》), when Su was young, he f 7 so many times to get a governmental position that he even let his family down. So he decided to work harder. When he felt sleepy at night, he used a sharp tool to stab at his thigh in order to focus on reading again.
No d 8 Su's hard work paid off. Finally, he realised his dream s 9 . Later, people joined Su's story with Sun's and c 10 the allusion xuan liang ci gu. At present, although we are not supposed to follow their actions, their amazing spirits are still meaningful and encouraging.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10.
如水。
Throughout history, many cultures value
52 A hedge between keeps friendship green. 君子之交淡
the importance of hard work. It's true that hard workers are always fighting a 1 the attraction(吸引力) of sleep. The allusion(典故) xuan liang ci gu, which means tying one's hair to the house beam(房梁) and stabbing one's thigh(大腿) with a sharp tool, tells two stories about the hard experiences of staying a 2 .
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a famous politician named Sun Jing, who really enjoyed studying, even in the evening. To stop h 3 falling asleep when reading at night, Sun came up with a special way. He tied his hair to the beam while reading. And that method w 4 . If he felt sleepy, his hair would be pulled upward by the rope and the p 5 would wake him up.
Before you are amazed by w 6 Sun Jing did, the story of Su Qin, another famous man who lived in the Warring States Period, was even more shocking. According to Strategies of the Warring States(《战国策》), when Su was young, he f 7 so many times to get a governmental position that he even let his family down. So he decided to work harder. When he felt sleepy at night, he used a sharp tool to stab at his thigh in order to focus on reading again.
No d 8 Su's hard work paid off. Finally, he realised his dream s 9 . Later, people joined Su's story with Sun's and c 10 the allusion xuan liang ci gu. At present, although we are not supposed to follow their actions, their amazing spirits are still meaningful and encouraging.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10.
如水。
答案
［文章大意］本文主要讲述了“悬梁刺股”这一典故的由来，以及这一典故背后所蕴含的勤奋刻苦精神的意义。
1. against 2. awake 3. himself 4. worked 5. pain
6. what 7. failed 8. doubt 9. successfully 10. created
1. against 2. awake 3. himself 4. worked 5. pain
6. what 7. failed 8. doubt 9. successfully 10. created
解析
【分析】
做这类首字母填空题，首先第一步要通读全文，明确文章主题是介绍中国古代“悬梁刺股”的勤学典故，理清故事的整体脉络：先总述勤奋者都要对抗睡意，再分别介绍孙敬悬梁、苏秦刺股的经历，最后说明该典故的形成和当代意义。第二步逐空推导，优先结合首字母提示回忆常见固定搭配，再根据上下文逻辑判断空格所需的词性，最后验证时态、语法规则是否匹配，全部填完后代入通读全文，检查语句通顺、逻辑自洽即可。
【解析】
1. 空后为“睡眠的吸引力”，结合固定搭配fight against表示“与……作斗争、对抗”，首字母为a，符合语境，故填against。
2. 典故中绑头发、刺大腿的行为都是为了保持清醒不睡着，stay为系动词后接形容词，固定表达stay awake意为“保持清醒”，首字母为a，故填awake。
3. 句意是为了阻止自己夜里读书时睡着，主语是孙敬，对应反身代词，固定结构stop oneself doing sth表示“阻止自己做某事”，首字母为h，故填himself。
4. 后文提到困的时候头发会被绳子向上拉扯，说明这个方法是有效的，全文讲述古代故事用一般过去时，work表示“起作用、奏效”，过去式为worked，首字母为w，故填worked。
5. 头发被向上拉扯带来的痛感会把人唤醒，此处需要名词作主语，pain意为“疼痛”，符合语境，首字母为p，故填pain。
6. 介词by后接宾语从句，从句中did缺少宾语，指代孙敬做的事情，用连接代词what引导，首字母为w，故填what。
7. 后文提到他让家人失望，说明他多次谋求官职都没有成功，故事发生在过去用一般过去时，fail表示“失败”，过去式为failed，首字母为f，故填failed。
8. 固定搭配no doubt意为“毫无疑问”，符合“苏秦的努力得到了回报”的语境，首字母为d，故填doubt。
9. 此处需要副词修饰动词realised，表达“成功实现梦想”的含义，successfully是副词，意为“成功地”，首字母为s，故填successfully。
10. 句意是人们把两人的故事结合起来，创造出“悬梁刺股”这个典故，动作发生在过去用一般过去时，create表示“创造”，过去式为created，首字母为c，故填created。
【答案】
1. against 2. awake 3. himself 4. worked 5. pain 6. what 7. failed 8. doubt 9. successfully 10. created
【知识点】
首字母填空、固定搭配、宾语从句
【点评】
本题结合中国传统历史典故设题，兼顾语言能力考查和传统文化渗透，大部分空格对应初中阶段高频固定搭配，少数空格需要结合语法判断词性、时态和从句引导词，学生只要读懂故事脉络，结合日常积累的词汇搭配就可以顺利完成，同时也能理解典故背后的勤学精神。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类首字母填空题，首先第一步要通读全文，明确文章主题是介绍中国古代“悬梁刺股”的勤学典故，理清故事的整体脉络：先总述勤奋者都要对抗睡意，再分别介绍孙敬悬梁、苏秦刺股的经历，最后说明该典故的形成和当代意义。第二步逐空推导，优先结合首字母提示回忆常见固定搭配，再根据上下文逻辑判断空格所需的词性，最后验证时态、语法规则是否匹配，全部填完后代入通读全文，检查语句通顺、逻辑自洽即可。
【解析】
1. 空后为“睡眠的吸引力”，结合固定搭配fight against表示“与……作斗争、对抗”，首字母为a，符合语境，故填against。
2. 典故中绑头发、刺大腿的行为都是为了保持清醒不睡着，stay为系动词后接形容词，固定表达stay awake意为“保持清醒”，首字母为a，故填awake。
3. 句意是为了阻止自己夜里读书时睡着，主语是孙敬，对应反身代词，固定结构stop oneself doing sth表示“阻止自己做某事”，首字母为h，故填himself。
4. 后文提到困的时候头发会被绳子向上拉扯，说明这个方法是有效的，全文讲述古代故事用一般过去时，work表示“起作用、奏效”，过去式为worked，首字母为w，故填worked。
5. 头发被向上拉扯带来的痛感会把人唤醒，此处需要名词作主语，pain意为“疼痛”，符合语境，首字母为p，故填pain。
6. 介词by后接宾语从句，从句中did缺少宾语，指代孙敬做的事情，用连接代词what引导，首字母为w，故填what。
7. 后文提到他让家人失望，说明他多次谋求官职都没有成功，故事发生在过去用一般过去时，fail表示“失败”，过去式为failed，首字母为f，故填failed。
8. 固定搭配no doubt意为“毫无疑问”，符合“苏秦的努力得到了回报”的语境，首字母为d，故填doubt。
9. 此处需要副词修饰动词realised，表达“成功实现梦想”的含义，successfully是副词，意为“成功地”，首字母为s，故填successfully。
10. 句意是人们把两人的故事结合起来，创造出“悬梁刺股”这个典故，动作发生在过去用一般过去时，create表示“创造”，过去式为created，首字母为c，故填created。
【答案】
1. against 2. awake 3. himself 4. worked 5. pain 6. what 7. failed 8. doubt 9. successfully 10. created
【知识点】
首字母填空、固定搭配、宾语从句
【点评】
本题结合中国传统历史典故设题，兼顾语言能力考查和传统文化渗透，大部分空格对应初中阶段高频固定搭配，少数空格需要结合语法判断词性、时态和从句引导词，学生只要读懂故事脉络，结合日常积累的词汇搭配就可以顺利完成，同时也能理解典故背后的勤学精神。
【难度系数】
0.7
