一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Water turns into steam when it reaches the (boil) point.
2. Many (chemistry) changes happen when food is cooked.
3. The possibilities are (end).
4. He worked hard all his life and finally got a lot of (wealthy).
5. She was so tired that she could (hard) keep her eyes open.
6. The mother sang a lullaby (soft) to make her baby fall asleep.
7. Mix vinegar with baking soda, and they will (act) with each other quickly.
8. Is there (somebody) who can help me carry this heavy box to the classroom?
9. This old house (belong) to my grandfather for over fifty years.
10. The old man's (see) is getting worse, so he always wears glasses while reading.

1. boiling 2. chemical 3. endless
4. wealth 5. hardly 6. softly
7. react 8. anybody 9. has belonged
10. sight

【分析】本题为英语单词适当形式填空题，解题时需先分析每个句子的结构，明确空格处所需的词性或语法成分，再结合单词的词性转换规则、固定搭配、时态要求等转换单词形式。例如，修饰名词需用形容词，修饰动词需用副词，疑问句中some类代词需变为any类代词，现在完成时需结合时间状语确定动词形式等。
【解析】1. 空格修饰名词point，需用形容词，boil的形容词形式为boiling，构成固定搭配boiling point（沸点）；2. 空格修饰名词changes，需用形容词，chemistry的形容词形式为chemical；3. 空格在be动词后，需用形容词，end的形容词形式为endless，意为“无尽的”；4. a lot of后接名词，wealthy的名词形式为wealth；5. 空格修饰动词keep，需用副词，hard的副词形式hardly意为“几乎不”；6. 空格修饰动词sang，需用副词，soft的副词形式为softly；7. will后接动词原形，act对应的动词为react，意为“反应”；8. 疑问句中需用anybody代替somebody；9. 时间状语for over fifty years是现在完成时的标志，主语this old house为单数，故用has belonged；10. 名词所有格man's后需接名词，see的名词形式为sight，意为“视力”。
【答案】1. boiling 2. chemical 3. endless 4. wealth 5. hardly 6. softly 7. react 8. anybody 9. has belonged 10. sight
【知识点】词性转换、形容词副词用法、现在完成时
【点评】本题考查基础的单词适当形式转换，涉及词性变化、语法规则及固定搭配，是初中英语常见的基础题型，主要检验学生对单词不同词性形式的掌握和基本语法的运用能力。
【难度系数】0.6

二、易混词辨析
anybody somebody nobody everyone
1. I knocked at the door several times, but answered it. I guess no one was at home.
2. in our class finished the English homework yesterday.
3. You can ask in the classroom for help, because they're all ready to lend a hand.
4. I heard calling my name outside the window, but I didn't see anyone when I looked out.

1. nobody 2. Everyone 3. anybody
4. somebody

【分析】
首先明确四个不定代词的核心用法：①nobody表“没有人”，用于否定语境；②everyone表“每个人”，指代整体；③anybody表“任何人”，常用于否定/疑问，肯定句中可表“任意一个”；④somebody表“某人”，用于肯定语境。再结合每句的语境逻辑判断：第1句敲门后无人应答，需否定含义；第2句强调班级整体完成作业；第3句向教室中任意一人求助；第4句听到窗外有人叫，是肯定语境的“某人”。
【解析】
1. 句意：我敲了几次门，但没人应答，我猜没人在家。此处表否定，填nobody；
2. 句意：昨天我们班每个人都完成了英语作业。此处指代班级整体，填Everyone；
3. 句意：你可以向教室里任何人求助，因为他们都愿意帮忙。肯定句中表“任意一个”，填anybody；
4. 句意：我听到窗外有人叫我的名字，但往外看时没看到任何人。肯定语境表“某人”，填somebody。
【答案】1. nobody 2. Everyone 3. anybody 4. somebody
【知识点】不定代词辨析
【点评】本题考查初中英语核心不定代词的语境辨析，需结合句子的肯定/否定逻辑及指代范围选择词汇，属于基础易混考点，需区分不同不定代词的使用场景差异。
【难度系数】0.5

三、选词填空
granddaughter magnifier hardly
1. Grandma Li often tells stories about her childhood to her lovely .
2. It rained at all last summer.
3. We need a to see the small words on the old map clearly.

1. granddaughter
2. hardly 3. magnifier

【分析】
先明确三个备选单词的含义：granddaughter意为“孙女（指女性晚辈）”，magnifier意为“放大镜（用于放大物品的工具）”，hardly是副词，意为“几乎不”；再结合每个句子的语境和语法要求逐一匹配：第1句提到“Grandma Li（李奶奶）”，对应晚辈的孙女，需选granddaughter；第2句有固定搭配“hardly at all（几乎不）”，符合“去年夏天几乎没下雨”的句意，需选hardly；第3句需要能看清小字的工具，对应magnifier（放大镜）。
【解析】
1. 句子主语是Grandma Li，语境为给晚辈讲故事，granddaughter（孙女）符合语境，故填granddaughter；
2. 句中“at all”与hardly构成固定搭配“hardly at all”，表“几乎不”，符合句意，故填hardly；
3. 要清晰看清旧地图上的小字，需要放大镜，magnifier（放大镜）符合语境，故填magnifier。
【答案】
1. granddaughter 2. hardly 3. magnifier
【知识点】
词汇词义辨析、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为基础选词填空题，考查核心词汇的词义理解及固定搭配的运用，难度较低，掌握单词含义和句子语境即可作答。
【难度系数】
0.8