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四、阅读与回答问题
阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。
体裁: 说明文
主题: 食物
难度: ★★★★
Usually, supermarkets and stores only sell fruits and vegetables that look perfect. The "ugly" (难看的) ones are often thrown away. These fruits and vegetables may have cuts or unusual shapes. However, some supermarkets and stores in China are trying to change this.
A big supermarket in China is leading the way. They sell "ugly" vegetables at a lower price, usually 30% to 50% cheaper than the perfect ones. To make these vegetables look more fun, they made cute characters, like a smiling tomato and a dancing carrot.
Since June, this idea has helped reduce (减少) food waste by up to 4 tons a week. Besides the big supermarket, supermarkets and stores in Nanjing have also started selling "ugly" fruits and vegetables, including apples, peppers and potatoes.
Food waste is a big problem. Each year, 1,050 million tons of food are wasted around the world. *This* causes pollution (污染). A study in 2021 showed that from 2014 to 2018, about 27% of the food made in China was not eaten every year. The government is working hard to reduce food waste and make sure everyone has enough food to eat.
By selling "ugly" fruits and vegetables, supermarkets and stores help reduce waste and protect the environment. And by choosing "ugly" fruits and vegetables, we help save food and protect the Earth.
Next time you see an "ugly" vegetable, remember that it tastes just as good as the perfect ones!
1. What problem are some supermarkets and stores in China trying to deal with?
2. How did the big supermarket make "ugly" vegetables more popular?
3. What's the result (结果) of the idea of the big supermarket?
4. What does the underlined word "This" in Paragraph 4 refer to?
5. Will you buy "ugly" fruits and vegetables? Why or why not?
阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。
体裁: 说明文
主题: 食物
难度: ★★★★
Usually, supermarkets and stores only sell fruits and vegetables that look perfect. The "ugly" (难看的) ones are often thrown away. These fruits and vegetables may have cuts or unusual shapes. However, some supermarkets and stores in China are trying to change this.
A big supermarket in China is leading the way. They sell "ugly" vegetables at a lower price, usually 30% to 50% cheaper than the perfect ones. To make these vegetables look more fun, they made cute characters, like a smiling tomato and a dancing carrot.
Since June, this idea has helped reduce (减少) food waste by up to 4 tons a week. Besides the big supermarket, supermarkets and stores in Nanjing have also started selling "ugly" fruits and vegetables, including apples, peppers and potatoes.
Food waste is a big problem. Each year, 1,050 million tons of food are wasted around the world. *This* causes pollution (污染). A study in 2021 showed that from 2014 to 2018, about 27% of the food made in China was not eaten every year. The government is working hard to reduce food waste and make sure everyone has enough food to eat.
By selling "ugly" fruits and vegetables, supermarkets and stores help reduce waste and protect the environment. And by choosing "ugly" fruits and vegetables, we help save food and protect the Earth.
Next time you see an "ugly" vegetable, remember that it tastes just as good as the perfect ones!
1. What problem are some supermarkets and stores in China trying to deal with?
“Ugly” fruits and vegetables are often thrown away./The waste of “ugly” fruits and vegetables.
2. How did the big supermarket make "ugly" vegetables more popular?
By selling them at a lower price and making cute characters for them.
3. What's the result (结果) of the idea of the big supermarket?
It has helped reduce food waste by up to 4 tons a week.
4. What does the underlined word "This" in Paragraph 4 refer to?
Each year，1，050 million tons of food are wasted around the world.
5. Will you buy "ugly" fruits and vegetables? Why or why not?
Yes. Because it can save food and protect the environment.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国部分超市和商店通过销售“丑”蔬菜水果来减少食物浪费。
1. “Ugly” fruits and vegetables are often thrown away./The waste of “ugly” fruits and vegetables. 根据第一段“The ‘ugly’ ones are often thrown away.”和“However，some supermarkets and stores in China are trying to change this.”可知中国部分超市和商店试图解决“丑”蔬果被丢弃的问题。
2. By selling them at a lower price and making cute characters for them. 根据第二段“They sell ‘ugly’ vegetables at a lower price... To make these vegetables look more fun，they made cute characters”可知大超市通过降价以及设计卡通形象提升“丑”蔬菜的吸引力。
3. It has helped reduce food waste by up to 4 tons a week. 根据第三段“this idea has helped reduce food waste by up to 4 tons a week”可知帮助每周减少高达 4 吨的食物浪费。
4. Each year，1，050 million tons of food are wasted around the world. 根据上文“Each year，1，050 million tons of food are wasted around the world.”可知“This”指代上文“全世界每年浪费 10.5 亿吨粮食”。
5. Yes. Because it can save food and protect the environment.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
1. “Ugly” fruits and vegetables are often thrown away./The waste of “ugly” fruits and vegetables. 根据第一段“The ‘ugly’ ones are often thrown away.”和“However，some supermarkets and stores in China are trying to change this.”可知中国部分超市和商店试图解决“丑”蔬果被丢弃的问题。
2. By selling them at a lower price and making cute characters for them. 根据第二段“They sell ‘ugly’ vegetables at a lower price... To make these vegetables look more fun，they made cute characters”可知大超市通过降价以及设计卡通形象提升“丑”蔬菜的吸引力。
3. It has helped reduce food waste by up to 4 tons a week. 根据第三段“this idea has helped reduce food waste by up to 4 tons a week”可知帮助每周减少高达 4 吨的食物浪费。
4. Each year，1，050 million tons of food are wasted around the world. 根据上文“Each year，1，050 million tons of food are wasted around the world.”可知“This”指代上文“全世界每年浪费 10.5 亿吨粮食”。
5. Yes. Because it can save food and protect the environment.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
解析
【分析】
这是一篇说明文类的阅读回答问题题型，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍国内部分超市售卖“丑蔬果”以减少食物浪费的相关内容。之后逐题对应题干关键词回原文定位：第1题定位第一段，找到超市想要改变的现状，也就是“丑蔬果常被丢弃浪费”的问题；第2题定位第二段，提取大超市推广丑蔬菜的两个具体做法，整理成通顺的回答；第3题定位第三段，直接提取该举措带来的明确结果；第4题是代词指代题，定位第四段，找到划线词This前紧挨着的相关事件，明确指代内容；第5题是开放性问题，结合文章倡导节约粮食、保护环境的主旨，给出正向合理的回答即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段内容：常规超市只售卖外观完美的蔬果，“丑”的蔬果经常被直接丢弃，中国部分超市试图改变这一现状，因此要解决的就是丑蔬果被随意丢弃、食物浪费的相关问题，整理对应信息即可得到答案。
2. 定位原文第二段内容：这家大型超市一是以更低的价格售卖丑蔬菜，价格比外观完美的蔬果低30%到50%，二是给这些蔬菜设计了可爱的卡通形象，比如微笑的番茄、跳舞的胡萝卜，让它们更有吸引力，整合两个做法即可得到答案。
3. 定位原文第三段第一句内容：从六月开始，这个售卖丑蔬果的想法每周最多可以减少4吨的食物浪费，直接提取该明确结果即可。
4. 定位原文第四段内容：划线词This的前一句提到“每年全球有1050百万吨食物被浪费”，正是这件事造成了后续的污染，因此This指代的就是全球每年大量食物被浪费的事件。
5. 本题为开放性问题，可结合文章提到的“节约食物、保护环境”的角度给出肯定回答，也可说明其他合理理由，言之有理即可得分。
【答案】
1. "Ugly" fruits and vegetables are often thrown away./The waste of "ugly" fruits and vegetables.
2. By selling them at a lower price and making cute characters for them.
3. It has helped reduce food waste by up to 4 tons a week.
4. Each year, 1,050 million tons of food are wasted around the world.
5. Yes. Because it can save food and protect the environment.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位
代词指代判断
阅读开放表达
【点评】
本题围绕“减少食物浪费”的热点主题设题，考点覆盖了细节信息提取、代词指代辨析、开放性观点表达，既考查学生从文本中精准定位信息的阅读能力，也引导学生树立节约粮食、保护环境的正向观念，作答时注意回答内容要贴合原文表述，指代题要优先查找前文紧邻的相关事件，开放题符合正向价值观即可得分。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇说明文类的阅读回答问题题型，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍国内部分超市售卖“丑蔬果”以减少食物浪费的相关内容。之后逐题对应题干关键词回原文定位：第1题定位第一段，找到超市想要改变的现状，也就是“丑蔬果常被丢弃浪费”的问题；第2题定位第二段，提取大超市推广丑蔬菜的两个具体做法，整理成通顺的回答；第3题定位第三段，直接提取该举措带来的明确结果；第4题是代词指代题，定位第四段，找到划线词This前紧挨着的相关事件，明确指代内容；第5题是开放性问题，结合文章倡导节约粮食、保护环境的主旨，给出正向合理的回答即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段内容：常规超市只售卖外观完美的蔬果，“丑”的蔬果经常被直接丢弃，中国部分超市试图改变这一现状，因此要解决的就是丑蔬果被随意丢弃、食物浪费的相关问题，整理对应信息即可得到答案。
2. 定位原文第二段内容：这家大型超市一是以更低的价格售卖丑蔬菜，价格比外观完美的蔬果低30%到50%，二是给这些蔬菜设计了可爱的卡通形象，比如微笑的番茄、跳舞的胡萝卜，让它们更有吸引力，整合两个做法即可得到答案。
3. 定位原文第三段第一句内容：从六月开始，这个售卖丑蔬果的想法每周最多可以减少4吨的食物浪费，直接提取该明确结果即可。
4. 定位原文第四段内容：划线词This的前一句提到“每年全球有1050百万吨食物被浪费”，正是这件事造成了后续的污染，因此This指代的就是全球每年大量食物被浪费的事件。
5. 本题为开放性问题，可结合文章提到的“节约食物、保护环境”的角度给出肯定回答，也可说明其他合理理由，言之有理即可得分。
【答案】
1. "Ugly" fruits and vegetables are often thrown away./The waste of "ugly" fruits and vegetables.
2. By selling them at a lower price and making cute characters for them.
3. It has helped reduce food waste by up to 4 tons a week.
4. Each year, 1,050 million tons of food are wasted around the world.
5. Yes. Because it can save food and protect the environment.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位
代词指代判断
阅读开放表达
【点评】
本题围绕“减少食物浪费”的热点主题设题，考点覆盖了细节信息提取、代词指代辨析、开放性观点表达，既考查学生从文本中精准定位信息的阅读能力，也引导学生树立节约粮食、保护环境的正向观念，作答时注意回答内容要贴合原文表述，指代题要优先查找前文紧邻的相关事件，开放题符合正向价值观即可得分。
【难度系数】
0.6
五、首字母填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示写出所缺单词,使短文意思完整,每空一词。
体裁: 说明文
主题: 传统工艺
难度: ★★★★★
新素养·文化意识 Velvet flowers, known as "Ronghua" in Chinese (meaning "flowers of glory"), were once treasures of royal families. It's a traditional art of Nanjing with a 500-year h1 dating back to the Ming Dynasty.
Artists u2 silk and cotton as the main materials, carefully choosing threads (线) dyed with natural pigments. The colours are so bright that they seem to glow like r3 flowers, with shades ranging from soft pinks to deep reds.
To p4 velvet flowers needs great patience and skill. First, workers divide the silk into threads as thin as hair. Threads are then twisted, glued, and shaped with special t5 like bamboo needles (针) and copper moulds. A single peony might t6 three days to finish! To keep this craft a7, local schools now offer workshops where students learn to make simple designs.
In 2024, Nanjing opened a free m8 for velvet flowers. Tourists can admire (欣赏) over 500 historical pieces, including hairpins worn by the Qing Dynasty empresses and modern artworks displayed at Paris Fashion Week. Interactive exhibition (展览) lets v9 try basic techniques, like arranging petals on a small brooch. Through these activities, more people u10 the value of traditional crafts and their cultural identity.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
根据短文内容及首字母提示写出所缺单词,使短文意思完整,每空一词。
体裁: 说明文
主题: 传统工艺
难度: ★★★★★
新素养·文化意识 Velvet flowers, known as "Ronghua" in Chinese (meaning "flowers of glory"), were once treasures of royal families. It's a traditional art of Nanjing with a 500-year h1 dating back to the Ming Dynasty.
Artists u2 silk and cotton as the main materials, carefully choosing threads (线) dyed with natural pigments. The colours are so bright that they seem to glow like r3 flowers, with shades ranging from soft pinks to deep reds.
To p4 velvet flowers needs great patience and skill. First, workers divide the silk into threads as thin as hair. Threads are then twisted, glued, and shaped with special t5 like bamboo needles (针) and copper moulds. A single peony might t6 three days to finish! To keep this craft a7, local schools now offer workshops where students learn to make simple designs.
In 2024, Nanjing opened a free m8 for velvet flowers. Tourists can admire (欣赏) over 500 historical pieces, including hairpins worn by the Qing Dynasty empresses and modern artworks displayed at Paris Fashion Week. Interactive exhibition (展览) lets v9 try basic techniques, like arranging petals on a small brooch. Through these activities, more people u10 the value of traditional crafts and their cultural identity.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了传统艺术南京绒花。
1. history 根据空后“dating back to the Ming Dynasty”可知绒花有 500 年历史。故填 history。
2. use 根据空后“silk and cotton as the main materials”可知艺术家使用丝绸和棉花作为主要材料。故填 use。
3. real 根据空后“with shades ranging from soft pinks to deep reds”可知绒花看起来像真正的花朵一样闪闪发光，色调从淡粉色到深红色不等。故填 real。
4. produce 根据空后“velvet flowers needs great patience and skill”可知制作绒花需要极大的耐心和技巧；此处应用动词不定式作主语。故填 produce。
5. tools 根据空后“like bamboo needles and copper moulds”可知用竹针和铜模等特殊工具将线扭曲、粘合和塑形；此处应用复数形式。故填 tools。
6. take 根据空后“three days to finish”可知一朵牡丹可能花费三天完成；情态动词 might 后接动词原形。故填 take。
7. alive 根据空后“local schools now offer workshops where students learn to make simple designs”可知当地学校开设工作坊，让学生学习制作简单的图案，为了让制作绒花这道工艺传承下去。故填 alive。
8. museum 根据下文“Tourists can admire over 500 historical pieces”可知南京开设了免费的绒花博物馆。故填 museum。
9. visitors 根据空前“Interactive exhibition”可知互动展览让参观者尝试一些基本的技巧；此处应用复数形式。故填 visitors。
10. understand 根据空后“the value of traditional crafts and their cultural identity”可知通过活动让更多人了解传统工艺的价值及其文化认同。故填 understand。
1. history 根据空后“dating back to the Ming Dynasty”可知绒花有 500 年历史。故填 history。
2. use 根据空后“silk and cotton as the main materials”可知艺术家使用丝绸和棉花作为主要材料。故填 use。
3. real 根据空后“with shades ranging from soft pinks to deep reds”可知绒花看起来像真正的花朵一样闪闪发光，色调从淡粉色到深红色不等。故填 real。
4. produce 根据空后“velvet flowers needs great patience and skill”可知制作绒花需要极大的耐心和技巧；此处应用动词不定式作主语。故填 produce。
5. tools 根据空后“like bamboo needles and copper moulds”可知用竹针和铜模等特殊工具将线扭曲、粘合和塑形；此处应用复数形式。故填 tools。
6. take 根据空后“three days to finish”可知一朵牡丹可能花费三天完成；情态动词 might 后接动词原形。故填 take。
7. alive 根据空后“local schools now offer workshops where students learn to make simple designs”可知当地学校开设工作坊，让学生学习制作简单的图案，为了让制作绒花这道工艺传承下去。故填 alive。
8. museum 根据下文“Tourists can admire over 500 historical pieces”可知南京开设了免费的绒花博物馆。故填 museum。
9. visitors 根据空前“Interactive exhibition”可知互动展览让参观者尝试一些基本的技巧；此处应用复数形式。故填 visitors。
10. understand 根据空后“the value of traditional crafts and their cultural identity”可知通过活动让更多人了解传统工艺的价值及其文化认同。故填 understand。
解析
【分析】
解这道首字母填空题时，首先要通读全文，明确文章主题是介绍中国传统非遗南京绒花，把握整体语境后再逐空推导：第一步先结合每空前后的语义线索、给出的举例信息，匹配对应首字母的词义；第二步再结合语法规则判断词性、词形变化，比如名词是否需要变复数、动词是否符合时态/情态动词的使用要求，同时结合积累的固定搭配验证答案是否合理，就能顺理成章推出所有空的正确内容。
【解析】
1. 根据空后“dating back to the Ming Dynasty（追溯至明朝）”的提示，可知这项南京传统艺术拥有500年的历史，空前有复合形容词500-year修饰，填入名词history。
2. 根据后文“silk and cotton as the main materials”的提示，表达艺术家将丝绸和棉花作为主要原材料使用，主语Artists是复数，一般现在时谓语用动词原形use。
3. 前文提到绒花的色彩十分鲜亮，结合语境可知它看起来像真的花朵一样泛着光泽，首字母为r，填入形容词real修饰名词flowers。
4. 根据后文“需要极大的耐心和技艺”的提示，对应动作是制作绒花，本空是不定式作句子主语，to后接动词原形，填入produce。
5. 后文列举的“bamboo needles and copper moulds（竹针、铜模具）”都属于制作绒花的专用工具，工具不止一件，填入名词复数tools。
6. 语境表达一朵绒花牡丹可能要耗费三天才能完成，符合“sth takes some time to do”的用法，情态动词might后接动词原形，填入take。
7. 后文提到当地学校开设相关工坊让学生学习制作绒花，目的是让这项传统技艺保留生命力、传承下去，固定搭配keep sth alive表示“让某物延续、保有生命力”，填入alive。
8. 根据后文“游客可以观赏超过500件历史藏品”的提示，可知南京开设了免费的绒花主题场馆，填入名词museum。
9. 语境表达互动展览邀请前来参观的人群体验基础制作技艺，这里表泛指所有参观者，填入名词复数visitors。
10. 语境表达通过这些活动，更多人能够理解传统工艺的价值和它的文化属性，主语more people是复数，一般现在时谓语用动词原形，填入understand。
【答案】
1. history
2. use
3. real
4. produce
5. tools
6. take
7. alive
8. museum
9. visitors
10. understand
【知识点】
首字母填空，名词单复数，固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题围绕中国传统非遗南京绒花展开，贴合英语学科核心素养里文化意识的培养要求，既考察学生的语篇理解能力，也渗透了中华优秀传统文化认知。解题时需要学生结合上下文的细节提示推导词义，同时注意词形变化、固定搭配的积累，避免出现形式错误导致失分。
【难度系数】
0.5
解这道首字母填空题时，首先要通读全文，明确文章主题是介绍中国传统非遗南京绒花，把握整体语境后再逐空推导：第一步先结合每空前后的语义线索、给出的举例信息，匹配对应首字母的词义；第二步再结合语法规则判断词性、词形变化，比如名词是否需要变复数、动词是否符合时态/情态动词的使用要求，同时结合积累的固定搭配验证答案是否合理，就能顺理成章推出所有空的正确内容。
【解析】
1. 根据空后“dating back to the Ming Dynasty（追溯至明朝）”的提示，可知这项南京传统艺术拥有500年的历史，空前有复合形容词500-year修饰，填入名词history。
2. 根据后文“silk and cotton as the main materials”的提示，表达艺术家将丝绸和棉花作为主要原材料使用，主语Artists是复数，一般现在时谓语用动词原形use。
3. 前文提到绒花的色彩十分鲜亮，结合语境可知它看起来像真的花朵一样泛着光泽，首字母为r，填入形容词real修饰名词flowers。
4. 根据后文“需要极大的耐心和技艺”的提示，对应动作是制作绒花，本空是不定式作句子主语，to后接动词原形，填入produce。
5. 后文列举的“bamboo needles and copper moulds（竹针、铜模具）”都属于制作绒花的专用工具，工具不止一件，填入名词复数tools。
6. 语境表达一朵绒花牡丹可能要耗费三天才能完成，符合“sth takes some time to do”的用法，情态动词might后接动词原形，填入take。
7. 后文提到当地学校开设相关工坊让学生学习制作绒花，目的是让这项传统技艺保留生命力、传承下去，固定搭配keep sth alive表示“让某物延续、保有生命力”，填入alive。
8. 根据后文“游客可以观赏超过500件历史藏品”的提示，可知南京开设了免费的绒花主题场馆，填入名词museum。
9. 语境表达互动展览邀请前来参观的人群体验基础制作技艺，这里表泛指所有参观者，填入名词复数visitors。
10. 语境表达通过这些活动，更多人能够理解传统工艺的价值和它的文化属性，主语more people是复数，一般现在时谓语用动词原形，填入understand。
【答案】
1. history
2. use
3. real
4. produce
5. tools
6. take
7. alive
8. museum
9. visitors
10. understand
【知识点】
首字母填空，名词单复数，固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题围绕中国传统非遗南京绒花展开，贴合英语学科核心素养里文化意识的培养要求，既考察学生的语篇理解能力，也渗透了中华优秀传统文化认知。解题时需要学生结合上下文的细节提示推导词义，同时注意词形变化、固定搭配的积累，避免出现形式错误导致失分。
【难度系数】
0.5
