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四、(2025·宿迁宿豫区模拟)阅读理解。〔人与自然——环境保护〕
Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws(吸管) and bags. More and more businesses are changing to paper products. Using paper is considered to be better than using plastic. However，it is harmful to the environment too.
Firstly，paper bags and straws are made from trees. Trees，as you know，are good for the environment. They can slow down climate change. An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more deforestation(滥伐森林).
Secondly，the production of paper things requires more energy and water. About 10 percent more energy and four times as much water are used to produce a paper bag than to produce a plastic one. You might say that we can use recycled paper to save the energy and water. This seems to be a good idea. However，it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process than to make a new paper bag. Products made from recycled paper are also often short-lived.
Furthermore，paper products are heavier than plastic ones. That means they require more fuel to transport. Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags，while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags. The increased weight also leads to a larger amount of waste once the bags are thrown away.
Making paper products is actually a lose-lose way for both the environment and businesses. Paper products are more expensive than plastic products. A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents，while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents.
The most environment-friendly way is to avoid single-use things altogether. Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again. They are much better than either paper products or plastic products. By increasing the use of these items，you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our earth a greener place!
(
A. Using plastic straws.
B. Using plastic bags.
C. Using paper products.
D. Using single-use things.
(
A. It saves energy and water.
B. It seems not to be a good idea.
C. It is better than single-use paper.
D. It’s easy to go through the recycling process.
(
A. To compare paper products with plastic products.
B. To introduce the disadvantages of paper products.
C. To explain why paper products are bad for the environment.
D. To call on using products in an environment-friendly way.
(
Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws(吸管) and bags. More and more businesses are changing to paper products. Using paper is considered to be better than using plastic. However，it is harmful to the environment too.
Firstly，paper bags and straws are made from trees. Trees，as you know，are good for the environment. They can slow down climate change. An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more deforestation(滥伐森林).
Secondly，the production of paper things requires more energy and water. About 10 percent more energy and four times as much water are used to produce a paper bag than to produce a plastic one. You might say that we can use recycled paper to save the energy and water. This seems to be a good idea. However，it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process than to make a new paper bag. Products made from recycled paper are also often short-lived.
Furthermore，paper products are heavier than plastic ones. That means they require more fuel to transport. Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags，while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags. The increased weight also leads to a larger amount of waste once the bags are thrown away.
Making paper products is actually a lose-lose way for both the environment and businesses. Paper products are more expensive than plastic products. A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents，while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents.
The most environment-friendly way is to avoid single-use things altogether. Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again. They are much better than either paper products or plastic products. By increasing the use of these items，you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our earth a greener place!
(
C
) 1. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. Using plastic straws.
B. Using plastic bags.
C. Using paper products.
D. Using single-use things.
(
B
) 2. What does the writer think of the recycled paper?A. It saves energy and water.
B. It seems not to be a good idea.
C. It is better than single-use paper.
D. It’s easy to go through the recycling process.
(
D
) 3. What is the writer’s main purpose of writing this passage?A. To compare paper products with plastic products.
B. To introduce the disadvantages of paper products.
C. To explain why paper products are bad for the environment.
D. To call on using products in an environment-friendly way.
(
A
) 4. (创新考法·篇章结构)Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?答案
1~4. CBDA
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题：词义猜测题，需结合上下文判断代词"it"的指代对象。第一段提到"Using paper is considered to be better than using plastic. However，it is harmful to the environment too."，转折词"However"说明"it"指代前文的"Using paper products"，对应选项C。
2. 第2题：细节理解题，定位第三段关于回收纸的描述。文中先提及回收纸看似是好主意，通过转折词"However"指出回收过程消耗更多能源和水，说明作者认为回收纸并非好办法，对应选项B。
3. 第3题：主旨大意题，需梳理全文最后一段的核心观点。最后一段点明最环保的方式是避免一次性物品、重复使用可循环产品，目的是呼吁环保使用物品，对应选项D。
4. 第4题：篇章结构题，分析文章脉络：第一段总起（纸产品也有害）；第二至五段分述纸产品的弊端；第六段总结（提出最环保的做法），对应选项A。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据代词指代的就近原则，结合第一段语境，"it"指代前文的"Using paper products"，故选C。
2. 第2题：定位第三段，作者先提出回收纸看似可行，通过"However"转折说明回收过程消耗更多能源和水，因此作者认为回收纸不是好办法，故选B。
3. 第3题：文章最后一段明确指出要避免一次性物品、重复使用环保产品，核心目的是倡导环保的使用方式，故选D。
4. 第4题：文章结构为总-分-总：第一段总述纸产品也有害；第二到五段分别从树木消耗、资源消耗、运输成本、价格等方面阐述纸产品的缺点；第六段总结提出最环保的做法，对应选项A，故选A。
【答案】
CBDA
【知识点】
词义猜测题；细节理解题；主旨大意题；篇章结构题
【点评】
本题涵盖阅读理解的四类常见题型，需结合语境分析代词指代、定位细节信息、把握文章主旨、梳理篇章结构，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：词义猜测题，需结合上下文判断代词"it"的指代对象。第一段提到"Using paper is considered to be better than using plastic. However，it is harmful to the environment too."，转折词"However"说明"it"指代前文的"Using paper products"，对应选项C。
2. 第2题：细节理解题，定位第三段关于回收纸的描述。文中先提及回收纸看似是好主意，通过转折词"However"指出回收过程消耗更多能源和水，说明作者认为回收纸并非好办法，对应选项B。
3. 第3题：主旨大意题，需梳理全文最后一段的核心观点。最后一段点明最环保的方式是避免一次性物品、重复使用可循环产品，目的是呼吁环保使用物品，对应选项D。
4. 第4题：篇章结构题，分析文章脉络：第一段总起（纸产品也有害）；第二至五段分述纸产品的弊端；第六段总结（提出最环保的做法），对应选项A。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据代词指代的就近原则，结合第一段语境，"it"指代前文的"Using paper products"，故选C。
2. 第2题：定位第三段，作者先提出回收纸看似可行，通过"However"转折说明回收过程消耗更多能源和水，因此作者认为回收纸不是好办法，故选B。
3. 第3题：文章最后一段明确指出要避免一次性物品、重复使用环保产品，核心目的是倡导环保的使用方式，故选D。
4. 第4题：文章结构为总-分-总：第一段总述纸产品也有害；第二到五段分别从树木消耗、资源消耗、运输成本、价格等方面阐述纸产品的缺点；第六段总结提出最环保的做法，对应选项A，故选A。
【答案】
CBDA
【知识点】
词义猜测题；细节理解题；主旨大意题；篇章结构题
【点评】
本题涵盖阅读理解的四类常见题型，需结合语境分析代词指代、定位细节信息、把握文章主旨、梳理篇章结构，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
