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三、阅读理解
The ocean is really important for the Earth. There are one million kinds of animals living in the oceans. It covers over 70% of the Earth. It keeps the weather stable (稳定的) and produces 70% of the oxygen for humans. For a long time, we have travelled on the oceans and they give us food. But there are still lots of things waiting for us to find out.
Four or five basins (盆地)
Earth has four ocean basins: the Pacific, Indian, Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. Most countries now think the Southern as the fifth ocean basin. The Pacific is the largest, covering 30 percent of Earth. At its widest point from Indonesia all the way to Colombia. This ocean is 12,300 miles wide, which is more than five times the diameter (直径) of the moon.
Cold, hot and deep
In the colder parts of the ocean, one finds large icebergs (冰山). In fact, one iceberg can give a million people drinking water for five years. In the deepest part of the ocean, the water may be only 2--4℃, except (除了) that coming out of the seafloor. It can reach up to 400℃.
Gold in seawater
Did you know that most of our gold is in our world's oceans? The National Ocean Service says there is about 20 million tons of gold suspended (悬浮) in seawater. There is also gold under the seafloor, but it is still difficult for humans to dig (挖) them out.
(
A. The seafloor. B. The iceberg.
C. The water coming out of the seafloor. D. The deepest part of the ocean.
(
A. About 12,300 miles. B. About 2,460 miles.
C. About 61,500 miles. D. About 80,000 miles.
(
A. By using numbers. B. By giving examples.
C. By exchanging views. D. By asking questions.
(
A. Oceans cover 30% of the earth. B. Humans can dig out much gold under the sea.
C. Oceans give us most drinking water. D. Humans depends a lot on oceans.
The ocean is really important for the Earth. There are one million kinds of animals living in the oceans. It covers over 70% of the Earth. It keeps the weather stable (稳定的) and produces 70% of the oxygen for humans. For a long time, we have travelled on the oceans and they give us food. But there are still lots of things waiting for us to find out.
Four or five basins (盆地)
Earth has four ocean basins: the Pacific, Indian, Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. Most countries now think the Southern as the fifth ocean basin. The Pacific is the largest, covering 30 percent of Earth. At its widest point from Indonesia all the way to Colombia. This ocean is 12,300 miles wide, which is more than five times the diameter (直径) of the moon.
Cold, hot and deep
In the colder parts of the ocean, one finds large icebergs (冰山). In fact, one iceberg can give a million people drinking water for five years. In the deepest part of the ocean, the water may be only 2--4℃, except (除了) that coming out of the seafloor. It can reach up to 400℃.
Gold in seawater
Did you know that most of our gold is in our world's oceans? The National Ocean Service says there is about 20 million tons of gold suspended (悬浮) in seawater. There is also gold under the seafloor, but it is still difficult for humans to dig (挖) them out.
(
C
) 1. What does "It" refer to?A. The seafloor. B. The iceberg.
C. The water coming out of the seafloor. D. The deepest part of the ocean.
(
B
) 2. What's the diameter of the moon?A. About 12,300 miles. B. About 2,460 miles.
C. About 61,500 miles. D. About 80,000 miles.
(
A
) 3. How does the writer introduce the ocean?A. By using numbers. B. By giving examples.
C. By exchanging views. D. By asking questions.
(
D
) 4. What can we learn from the passage?A. Oceans cover 30% of the earth. B. Humans can dig out much gold under the sea.
C. Oceans give us most drinking water. D. Humans depends a lot on oceans.
答案
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D
解析
【分析】
这是一篇科普类阅读理解题，解题思路是先通读全文把握海洋相关的科普内容，再针对每道题的题干定位到原文对应的段落，通过比对原文信息、简单推理计算逐一排除错误选项得到正确答案：第1题需要找到代词it的前文指代对象，第2题定位到数字相关语句做简单除法运算，第3题梳理全文的写作手法，第4题逐一核对每个选项和原文描述是否一致即可。
【解析】
1. 定位到原文"Cold, hot and deep"段落："In the deepest part of the ocean, the water may be only 2--4℃, except (除了) that coming out of the seafloor. It can reach up to 400℃."，句意是深海区域的大部分水温仅为2-4摄氏度，只有从海底涌出的物质温度可以达到400摄氏度，因此这里的It指代从海底涌出的水，对应选项C。
2. 定位到原文"Four or five basins"段落："This ocean is 12,300 miles wide, which is more than five times the diameter (直径) of the moon."，通过计算12300÷5=2460英里，可得月球直径约为2460英里，对应选项B。
3. 全文大量使用具体数据介绍海洋，包括海洋覆盖地球的比例、海洋生物数量、大洋面积占比、温度数值、黄金储量等，是通过列数字的方式展开介绍，对应选项A。
4. 逐一排除错误选项：A选项海洋覆盖超70%的地球，30%是太平洋的面积占比，描述错误；B选项原文明确说明海底的黄金人类很难开采，描述错误；C选项文中没有提及海洋提供大部分饮用水的相关内容，描述错误；D选项原文提到海洋可以稳定气候、生产氧气、为人类提供食物等，说明人类高度依赖海洋，描述正确。
【答案】
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，代词指代判断，数字推理计算
【点评】
本题属于科普类基础阅读题，多数题目可以通过直接定位原文得到答案，仅第2题需要结合简单数学运算，既考察学生的信息检索能力，也能拓展学生关于海洋的相关科普常识，整体考点贴合中小学英语阅读的常见考察方向。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇科普类阅读理解题，解题思路是先通读全文把握海洋相关的科普内容，再针对每道题的题干定位到原文对应的段落，通过比对原文信息、简单推理计算逐一排除错误选项得到正确答案：第1题需要找到代词it的前文指代对象，第2题定位到数字相关语句做简单除法运算，第3题梳理全文的写作手法，第4题逐一核对每个选项和原文描述是否一致即可。
【解析】
1. 定位到原文"Cold, hot and deep"段落："In the deepest part of the ocean, the water may be only 2--4℃, except (除了) that coming out of the seafloor. It can reach up to 400℃."，句意是深海区域的大部分水温仅为2-4摄氏度，只有从海底涌出的物质温度可以达到400摄氏度，因此这里的It指代从海底涌出的水，对应选项C。
2. 定位到原文"Four or five basins"段落："This ocean is 12,300 miles wide, which is more than five times the diameter (直径) of the moon."，通过计算12300÷5=2460英里，可得月球直径约为2460英里，对应选项B。
3. 全文大量使用具体数据介绍海洋，包括海洋覆盖地球的比例、海洋生物数量、大洋面积占比、温度数值、黄金储量等，是通过列数字的方式展开介绍，对应选项A。
4. 逐一排除错误选项：A选项海洋覆盖超70%的地球，30%是太平洋的面积占比，描述错误；B选项原文明确说明海底的黄金人类很难开采，描述错误；C选项文中没有提及海洋提供大部分饮用水的相关内容，描述错误；D选项原文提到海洋可以稳定气候、生产氧气、为人类提供食物等，说明人类高度依赖海洋，描述正确。
【答案】
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，代词指代判断，数字推理计算
【点评】
本题属于科普类基础阅读题，多数题目可以通过直接定位原文得到答案，仅第2题需要结合简单数学运算，既考察学生的信息检索能力，也能拓展学生关于海洋的相关科普常识，整体考点贴合中小学英语阅读的常见考察方向。
【难度系数】
0.7
四、文段写作
假如你是李华，你们班正举办英语演讲比赛，主题为"美丽中国"。请你用英文向其他同学介绍一个你想去看的中国地貌。短文需包含以下问题提示的内容，并作适当发挥，词数不少于60个。
1. What landscape would you like to visit in China?
2. What do you know about the landscape?
3. What can you do to protect the landscape?
假如你是李华，你们班正举办英语演讲比赛，主题为"美丽中国"。请你用英文向其他同学介绍一个你想去看的中国地貌。短文需包含以下问题提示的内容，并作适当发挥，词数不少于60个。
1. What landscape would you like to visit in China?
2. What do you know about the landscape?
3. What can you do to protect the landscape?
答案
One possible version:
I'd like to visit the Yangtze River in the future. It is about 6,300 kilometers long,
which is the longest river in China. It begins in the Tangula Mountains in Tibet and
runs all the way to the East China Sea. The river plays an important part in Chinese
history and culture. Since it provides fresh water for many people in China, we
should not throw any rubbish in it. (70 words)
I'd like to visit the Yangtze River in the future. It is about 6,300 kilometers long,
which is the longest river in China. It begins in the Tangula Mountains in Tibet and
runs all the way to the East China Sea. The river plays an important part in Chinese
history and culture. Since it provides fresh water for many people in China, we
should not throw any rubbish in it. (70 words)
解析
【分析】
这是一篇主题为“美丽中国”的英语演讲文段写作，解题时首先要先选定一个自己熟悉的中国特色地貌，比如长江、黄山等都可以；接下来要严格对应题目给出的三个提示问题搭建行文框架：第一步先直接点明自己想要游览的地貌，回应第一个问题；第二步补充该地貌的基础属性、地理特征、文化意义等相关信息，回应第二个问题；第三步结合该地貌的实际情况提出可行的保护措施，回应第三个问题；最后适当添加衔接语句，保证全文流畅自然，词数满足不少于60词的要求即可。
【解析】
1. 开篇点题：直接回应第一个问题，清晰说明自己想要游览的地貌，用简洁的表达开门见山，契合演讲的语境。
2. 补充背景信息：围绕选定的地貌补充对应的地理常识，比如长度、发源地、国内地位、相关文化价值等内容，还可以适当使用定语从句丰富句式，避免行文过于单调。
3. 阐述保护举措：结合地貌的实际作用，提出具体可落地的保护方法，完成第三个要点的表述。
4. 最终通读全文，检查语法错误，确认三个要点全部覆盖，词数符合要求即可。
【答案】
One possible version:
I'd like to visit the Yangtze River in the future. It is about 6,300 kilometers long, which is the longest river in China. It begins in the Tangula Mountains in Tibet and runs all the way to the East China Sea. The river plays an important part in Chinese history and culture. Since it provides fresh water for many people in China, we should not throw any rubbish in it. (70 words)
【知识点】
1. 英语短文写作
2. 要点类作文谋篇
3. 地理事物英文表达
【点评】
本题属于半开放的提示类文段写作，限定了三个核心写作要点，学生只需要选择自己熟悉的中国地貌展开表述即可，不需要积累过难的词汇，只要做到要点全覆盖、语句通顺、词数达标就能完成写作，难度较低，还能同时加深学生对中国本土地理风貌的了解。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇主题为“美丽中国”的英语演讲文段写作，解题时首先要先选定一个自己熟悉的中国特色地貌，比如长江、黄山等都可以；接下来要严格对应题目给出的三个提示问题搭建行文框架：第一步先直接点明自己想要游览的地貌，回应第一个问题；第二步补充该地貌的基础属性、地理特征、文化意义等相关信息，回应第二个问题；第三步结合该地貌的实际情况提出可行的保护措施，回应第三个问题；最后适当添加衔接语句，保证全文流畅自然，词数满足不少于60词的要求即可。
【解析】
1. 开篇点题：直接回应第一个问题，清晰说明自己想要游览的地貌，用简洁的表达开门见山，契合演讲的语境。
2. 补充背景信息：围绕选定的地貌补充对应的地理常识，比如长度、发源地、国内地位、相关文化价值等内容，还可以适当使用定语从句丰富句式，避免行文过于单调。
3. 阐述保护举措：结合地貌的实际作用，提出具体可落地的保护方法，完成第三个要点的表述。
4. 最终通读全文，检查语法错误，确认三个要点全部覆盖，词数符合要求即可。
【答案】
One possible version:
I'd like to visit the Yangtze River in the future. It is about 6,300 kilometers long, which is the longest river in China. It begins in the Tangula Mountains in Tibet and runs all the way to the East China Sea. The river plays an important part in Chinese history and culture. Since it provides fresh water for many people in China, we should not throw any rubbish in it. (70 words)
【知识点】
1. 英语短文写作
2. 要点类作文谋篇
3. 地理事物英文表达
【点评】
本题属于半开放的提示类文段写作，限定了三个核心写作要点，学生只需要选择自己熟悉的中国地貌展开表述即可，不需要积累过难的词汇，只要做到要点全覆盖、语句通顺、词数达标就能完成写作，难度较低，还能同时加深学生对中国本土地理风貌的了解。
【难度系数】
0.8
