一、单句语法填空
1. We should learn the spirit never giving up when facing difficulties.
2. Let's start (study) hard to make our dreams come true.
3. My dream is the same my brother's—we both want to protect the environment.
4. The taikonauts work in space are the heroes of our country.
5. We should train (we) to be brave and strong when facing difficulties.
6. (learn) more about the universe, many scientists work hard every day.
7. They tried their best, and none of (they) gave up their dreams.
8. Our future doesn't depend our luck, but on our hard work.
9. We shouted with (excite) when we saw the rocket fly into space.
10. He fell in love with space. Since then, he (read) many science books.

1. of 2. studying/to study 3. as 4. who/that 5. ourselves 6. To learn 7. them 8. on 9. excitement 10. has read

【分析】
本题为单句语法填空题，需结合句子结构、固定搭配、词性变化、从句引导词、非谓语形式、时态等语法知识解题。每道题先分析空格在句中的成分，再依据对应语法规则或固定搭配确定答案，确保符合语境和语法要求。
【解析】
1. 考查固定搭配“the spirit of...”，表示“……的精神”，故填of；
2. 考查动词start的用法，“start doing/to do sth.”意为“开始做某事”，故填studying/to study；
3. 考查固定搭配“the same as...”，表示“和……一样”，故填as；
4. 考查定语从句，先行词为指人的名词“taikonauts”，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词who/that引导；
5. 考查反身代词，主语为we，此处表示“训练我们自己”，故用反身代词ourselves；
6. 考查非谓语动词，此处表目的，需用不定式作目的状语，故填To learn；
7. 考查人称代词，介词of后需接宾格形式，they的宾格为them，故填them；
8. 考查固定搭配“depend on”，意为“依靠，取决于”，故填on；
9. 考查词性转换，介词with后需接名词，excite的名词形式为excitement，故填excitement；
10. 考查现在完成时，时间状语“since then”是现在完成时的标志，主语为he，故填has read；
【答案】
1. of 2. studying/to study 3. as 4. who/that 5. ourselves 6. To learn 7. them 8. on 9. excitement 10. has read
【知识点】
固定搭配、非谓语动词、定语从句
【点评】
本题为英语基础语法题型，涵盖固定搭配、非谓语、定语从句等核心知识点，侧重考查学生对基础语法规则和常用搭配的掌握，是提升英语语法能力的典型练习。
【难度系数】
0.7

二、阅读下面短文,根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)
During my winter vacation, I watched a great space program on TV. A Chinese rover 1. (登陆) on the moon slowly with the help of a 2. (降落伞). There is no air or water, and gravity is much weaker. The rover could jump 3. (高高) and move freely. To slow down, it moved carefully on the moon's 4. (泥土). It carried our national flag and sent photos back to the earth. People named it after a Chinese goddess. Everyone felt that it was great 5. (令人兴奋的事) for them. It is another 6. (地标) in the history of China's space program and shows China's progress in space. I hope more space stories will cheer us up.

1. landed 2. parachute 3. high 4. dirt 5. excitement 6. landmark

【分析】
先通读短文把握语境，结合括号内的汉语提示，依据句子的时态、词性、固定搭配等规则，确定每个空应填单词的正确形式。具体需关注：第1题描述过去动作用动词过去式；第2题不定冠词后接名词单数；第3题修饰动词用副词；第4题需填名词作介词宾语；第5题形容词后接名词；第6题another后接单数名词。
【解析】
1. 句中动作发生在过去，“登陆”对应动词land，过去式为landed；
2. “降落伞”是可数名词，不定冠词a后用单数形式parachute；
3. 修饰动词jump需用副词，“高高”对应high；
4. “泥土”对应名词dirt，作介词on的宾语；
5. “令人兴奋的事”对应名词excitement，作表语；
6. “地标”对应名词landmark，another后接单数名词。
【答案】1. landed 2. parachute 3. high 4. dirt 5. excitement 6. landmark
【知识点】英语词汇运用、根据汉语提示写单词
【点评】本题考查基础英语词汇的掌握与语境应用，结合短文语境填写单词，注重核心词汇的实际运用，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.8

三、将方框中所给词语的适当形式填入短
文中，每词仅用一次
historic, withstand, skydiving, qualified,
rocket, gravity, land, proud, space exploration
Becoming a taikonaut is great but difficult. Taikonauts must be highly 1. and well prepared for space tasks. They even learn skills like 2. to become braver. They have to 3. all kinds of hardships and show a strong willingness to face challenges.
Powerful 4. carry the spacecraft into space. During the 5. flight, taikonauts need to stay calm and focused. Because of low 6. , they can even juggle freely in the spacecraft. The safe 7. of the spacecraft makes all Chinese people excited.
These great taikonauts are true heroes. We can 8. say that they make great contributions to our country's 9. and set a wonderful example for us teenagers.

1. qualified 2. skydiving 3. withstand 4. rockets 5. historic 6. gravity 7. landing 8. proudly 9. space exploration

【分析】
解题思路：首先通读全文，把握短文关于中国航天员的主题；接着逐个分析每个空格的句子结构，确定空格所需的词性；再结合语境和词义，从方框所给词语中匹配合适的词，并根据语法规则调整形式（如名词变复数、动词变名词、形容词变副词等）；最后检查每个词是否仅用一次，确保答案正确。
【解析】
1. 空格前为副词highly，需修饰形容词，方框中qualified（合格的）符合，构成highly qualified（高度合格的），故填qualified。
2. 空格前为介词like，后接动名词，方框中skydiving（跳伞）为动名词，符合“学习跳伞技能”的语境，故填skydiving。
3. 空格前为have to，后接动词原形，方框中withstand（承受）为动词原形，withstand hardships意为“承受困难”，故填withstand。
4. 空格后谓语动词为原形carry，主语需为复数名词，方框中rocket（火箭）变复数rockets，符合“强大的火箭将飞船送入太空”的语境，故填rockets。
5. 空格后为名词flight，需形容词修饰，方框中historic（有历史意义的）符合，historic flight意为“历史性飞行”，故填historic。
6. 空格前为形容词low，需接名词，方框中gravity（重力）符合，low gravity意为“低重力”，符合太空环境，故填gravity。
7. 空格前为形容词safe，需接名词，方框中land（着陆，动词）变名词landing，safe landing意为“安全着陆”，故填landing。
8. 空格后为动词say，需副词修饰，方框中proud（自豪的，形容词）变副词proudly，符合“自豪地说”的语境，故填proudly。
9. 空格前为名词所有格our country's，需接名词短语，方框中space exploration（太空探索）符合，故填space exploration。
【答案】
1. qualified 2. skydiving 3. withstand 4. rockets 5. historic 6. gravity 7. landing 8. proudly 9. space exploration
【知识点】
英语词汇运用、词性转换、固定搭配
【点评】
本题围绕航天员话题考查选词填空，需结合语境判断词性并调整词汇形式，侧重基础词汇的运用，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6