Ⅰ. 根据句意及首字母提示写出正确的单词。
1. With the help of the internet, i can reach every corner of the world quickly.
2. To cut down air pollution, we'd better walk or ride a bike if we travel a short d.
3. While Sally was reading the growth book, she s realized what her mum always said was right.
4. We are supposed to d a habit of lifelong learning to keep up with the rapid changes in the world.
5. Thanks to the useful invention—the mobile phone, people can send m and communicate with others easily.

1. information 2. distance 3. suddenly 4. develop
5. messages

【分析】
解答此类题目需先通读句子理解语境，再结合首字母提示，联想符合句意的单词，同时注意单词的词性、固定搭配等细节，确保填入的单词符合语法和语义逻辑。
【解析】
1. 句意：在互联网的帮助下，信息能快速到达世界每个角落。结合首字母i，此处填名词information（信息），符合语境。
2. 句意：为减少空气污染，短途出行时最好步行或骑车。结合首字母d，固定搭配short distance表示“短途”，故填distance（距离）。
3. 句意：萨莉读成长书籍时，突然意识到妈妈说的话是对的。此处需副词修饰动词realized，结合首字母s，填suddenly（突然），符合语义。
4. 句意：我们应该养成终身学习的习惯以跟上世界的快速变化。固定搭配develop a habit表示“养成习惯”，结合首字母d，填develop（养成）。
5. 句意：多亏了手机，人们能轻松发送消息并交流。固定搭配send messages表示“发消息”，结合首字母m，填messages（消息）。
【答案】
1. information 2. distance 3. suddenly 4. develop 5. messages
【知识点】
词汇运用、固定搭配、副词用法
【点评】
本题考查初中英语基础词汇的运用，结合句意与首字母提示作答，侧重常见单词的识记和基础搭配的掌握，是英语学习中的基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.8

Ⅱ. 在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
1. Some Chinese medicine tastes very bitter(苦的) and it works (slow) but surely.
2. Although jeans (invent) over 100 years ago, they're still in fashion today among teenagers.
3. The robot is so smart that it can solve difficult problems seconds and even learn from its experiences.
4. Emily is always ready to help others, and she (spread) kindness and love wherever she goes.
5. It's not polite to ask people personal questions in some Western countries when you meet the first time.
6. The beautiful scenery in Mount Huangshan attracts tourists from the world.

1. slowly 2. were invented 3. in 4. spreads 5. for
6. around

【分析】
本题考查英语基础语法与固定搭配的运用，需结合词性转换、时态语态、介词短语等知识点逐一分析：
1. 修饰动词需用副词，将形容词转换为对应副词；
2. 主语与动词是被动关系，结合时间状语判断时态，选用对应被动形式；
3. 结合固定介词短语搭配填空；
4. 根据主语人称和时态确定谓语动词形式；
5. 结合固定短语搭配填空；
6. 结合固定短语搭配填空。
【解析】
1. 句中works是动词，需用副词修饰，形容词slow的副词形式为slowly，故填slowly；
2. 主语jeans是动作invent的承受者，应用被动语态；时间状语“over 100 years ago”提示时态为一般过去时，主语是复数，故填were invented；
3. “in seconds”是固定介词短语，意为“在几秒内”，符合语境，故填in；
4. 主语she是第三人称单数，句子描述常态行为，用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式spreads，故填spreads；
5. “for the first time”是固定短语，意为“第一次”，符合句意，故填for；
6. “around the world”是固定短语，意为“全世界”，符合语境，故填around。
【答案】
1. slowly 2. were invented 3. in 4. spreads 5. for 6. around
【知识点】
副词用法、被动语态、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为初中英语基础题型，侧重考查核心语法与常用短语，难度适中，适合巩固基础知识点。
【难度系数】
0.7

Ⅲ.词与短语填空。（有两个多余选项）
stones/was helpful for/different/improved/inventors/spread/sour
There is no doubt that toothpaste is quite necessary in our daily life. It's said that the
1. of toothpaste were the Egyptians. Their toothpaste was first made of rock salt,dried iris flowers and mints（薄荷）. Later,Greeks put crushed（捣碎的） 2. into their mouths. That was their way to clean their teeth! In the 1800s,a dentist 3. toothpaste by adding soap inside. Because of him,toothpaste 4. cleaning people's teeth better. Now,there are many different kinds of toothpaste,5. in size,colour and even taste. People have created special toothpaste which is made of chocolate but doesn't have any sugar. Do you want to try it?

1. inventors 2. stones 3. improved 4. was helpful for
5. different

【分析】本题为选词填空题，解题思路是先通读全文把握文章大意，再结合每个空所在句子的语境、语法结构，匹配给出的词汇，同时注意题目要求有两个多余选项，最终选出符合逻辑的词汇。
【解析】1. 空后be动词为were，说明主语是复数名词，结合语境“牙膏的______是埃及人”，应选表示人的复数名词inventors（发明者）；2. 空前是形容词crushed（捣碎的），需填名词，结合希腊人清洁牙齿的方式，选stones（石头，捣碎的石头可用于清洁牙齿）；3. 句子时间为1800s（过去时间），需填动词过去式，结合“通过添加肥皂来______牙膏”，选improved（改进）；4. 结合语境“牙膏______更好地清洁牙齿”，选短语was helpful for（有助于），符合搭配；5. 结合“在大小、颜色、味道方面______”，用different，different in...表示“在……方面不同”，符合语境。
【答案】1. inventors 2. stones 3. improved 4. was helpful for 5. different
【知识点】选词填空，词汇词义，语境运用
【点评】本题考查学生对词汇的词义、词性及上下文语境的理解，需结合句子时态、固定搭配等知识解题，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6

Ⅳ.完形填空。
Without doubt, the Four Great Inventions of ancient China are on the top list of the world invention websites. The interesting stories behind them are always 1 by Grandparents. And nowadays they 2 the favourite ones that Chinese will pass down.
The compass was invented by the Chinese over 2,000 years ago. The ancient compass, sinan, looked like a 3. When it was put on a plate, its handle(手柄) could 4 to the south. Then a little steel needle(针）was used instead of the scoop. This made the simple instrument 5 to carry. About 600 years ago, it helped Zheng He,a 6 on sea travelling,go overseas.
Gunpowder(火药）is another ancient Chinese invention. It was invented by accident. More than 1,000 years ago, alchemy(炼金术）was popular. With daily experiments, once a man 7 some chemical materials together by mistake, and then the mixture blew up all of a sudden as if an earthquake happened. It played an important role in the invention of 8. Besides,fireworks give children much 9.
2,000 years ago,the Chinese invented paper. But this kind of paper was made of silk and it was so 10 that common customers couldn't afford it. About 1,900 years ago,Cai Lun 11 the paper-making process. He made cheap and thin paper through boiling tree bark and rags. Later, Chinese paper was traded west and got its 12 through the Silk Road. Also,the method of paper making was introduced and spread.
Bi Sheng invented the movable type printing around 1,000 years ago. At first, people printed on a whole stone sheet(石板). It was really 13. Bi Sheng came up with a great idea. He 14 clay into a single mobile Chinese character, 15 the movable one could be placed freely to form different sentences. Every character got locked with each other in a box. Then ink was daubed(涂抹）and a piece of paper was laid down. A printed sheet was created in this way. This new printing way speeded up book printing and the spread of culture.
()1. A. followed B. mentioned C. asked D. discovered
()2. A. change B. develop C. remain D. forget
()3. A. knife B. bowl C. scoop D. cup
()4. A. point B. lead C. belong D. spread
()5. A. heavier B. easier C. bigger D. quicker
()6. A. stranger B. competitor C. foreigner D. pioneer
()7. A. mixed B. pulled C. brought D. threw
()8. A. trains B. guns C. ships D. knives
()9. A. pride B. stress C. pleasure D. advice
()10. A. heavy B. thick C. smooth D. expensive
()11. A. improved B. answered C. caught D. doubted
()12. A. information B. place C. start D. popularity
()13. A. impossible B. crowded C. inconvenient D. mobile
()14. A. looked B. ran C. made D. brought
()15. A. because B. so C. or D. although

1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.D
11.A 12.D 13.C 14.C 15.B

【分析】做完形填空需先通读全文把握主旨（本文围绕中国古代四大发明展开），再结合每个空的上下文语境、词义辨析及固定搭配逐一分析选项，最后验证答案是否符合逻辑。例如需结合司南的常识、前后句的逻辑关系（如因果）等，从而选出正确选项。
【解析】1. 句意：它们背后的有趣故事总是被祖父母提到。A.跟随；B.提到；C.问；D.发现。根据语境选B。
2. 句意：如今它们仍然是中国人会传承的最爱。A.改变；B.发展；C.仍然；D.忘记。选C。
3. 句意：古代的司南看起来像勺子。A.刀；B.碗；C.勺子；D.杯子。结合常识选C。
4. 句意：它的手柄能指向南方。point to是固定搭配，意为“指向”，A.指向；B.引导；C.属于；D.传播。选A。
5. 句意：用钢针代替勺子，使这个简单仪器更容易携带。A.更重；B.更容易；C.更大；D.更快。选B。
6. 句意：郑和是海上旅行的先驱。A.陌生人；B.竞争者；C.外国人；D.先驱。选D。
7. 句意：把化学材料混合在一起。mix...together是固定搭配，A.混合；B.拉；C.带来；D.扔。选A。
8. 句意：火药在枪的发明中起重要作用。A.火车；B.枪；C.船；D.刀。选B。
9. 句意：烟花给孩子很多快乐。A.骄傲；B.压力；C.快乐；D.建议。选C。
10. 句意：这种纸太贵，普通顾客买不起。A.重；B.厚；C.光滑；D.昂贵。选D。
11. 句意：蔡伦改进了造纸工艺。A.改进；B.回答；C.抓住；D.怀疑。选A。
12. 句意：中国纸通过丝绸之路获得流行。A.信息；B.地方；C.开始；D.流行。选D。
13. 句意：石板印刷真的不方便。A.不可能；B.拥挤；C.不方便；D.可移动。选C。
14. 句意：他把黏土做成单个汉字。make...into是固定搭配，A.看；B.跑；C.制作；D.带来。选C。
15. 句意：所以可移动的字能自由排列。前后句是因果关系，A.因为；B.所以；C.或者；D.虽然。选B。
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.A 12.D 13.C 14.C 15.B
【知识点】完形填空词汇辨析、语境理解、固定搭配
【点评】本题围绕中国四大发明展开，考查学生对词汇在具体语境中的运用能力，需结合语篇逻辑和常识解题，难度适中，注重基础语言能力的考查。
【难度系数】0.6