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Ⅳ.阅读理解
Fleming saw many soldiers die from infections(感染) in their wounds as he worked in a hospital during World War I. This made Fleming decide to find a way to help the body fight infections.
In September 1928, Fleming left some glass dishes on a bench in his laboratory for two weeks. When he came back, he noticed something puzzling. Bacteria(细菌) were growing on all the glass dishes except one. On this dish mould(霉菌) had started to grow—the kind found on old bread. The mould seemed to be giving off something that stopped the bacteria from growing. Fleming called it "mould juice". He tried it on other bacteria, and it killed them, too. Fleming became wild with joy and named it penicillin.
Unfortunately, Fleming's boss thought he was wasting his time and it was impossible to kill bacteria at that time. Fleming did a few more experiments with penicillin, and he also wrote about it so other scientists could learn about it. However, because no one seemed interested in his discovery, he forgot about penicillin and started to work on other things.
In 1939, Ernest Chain, a scientist, and his boss, Howard Florey, were looking for medicines that could kill bacteria. They discovered Fleming's notes and decided to test penicillin. In 1940, they gave penicillin to some sick mice, who survived later. But those who didn't get it died. Florey declared:"It looks like a miracle!" By 1943, the final tests on humans were finished successfully and the world had its first antibiotic(抗生素) medicine.
36. What might be the best title for the text?
Fleming saw many soldiers die from infections(感染) in their wounds as he worked in a hospital during World War I. This made Fleming decide to find a way to help the body fight infections.
In September 1928, Fleming left some glass dishes on a bench in his laboratory for two weeks. When he came back, he noticed something puzzling. Bacteria(细菌) were growing on all the glass dishes except one. On this dish mould(霉菌) had started to grow—the kind found on old bread. The mould seemed to be giving off something that stopped the bacteria from growing. Fleming called it "mould juice". He tried it on other bacteria, and it killed them, too. Fleming became wild with joy and named it penicillin.
Unfortunately, Fleming's boss thought he was wasting his time and it was impossible to kill bacteria at that time. Fleming did a few more experiments with penicillin, and he also wrote about it so other scientists could learn about it. However, because no one seemed interested in his discovery, he forgot about penicillin and started to work on other things.
In 1939, Ernest Chain, a scientist, and his boss, Howard Florey, were looking for medicines that could kill bacteria. They discovered Fleming's notes and decided to test penicillin. In 1940, they gave penicillin to some sick mice, who survived later. But those who didn't get it died. Florey declared:"It looks like a miracle!" By 1943, the final tests on humans were finished successfully and the world had its first antibiotic(抗生素) medicine.
36. What might be the best title for the text?
One possible version:The birth of the world's first antibiotic medicine
答案
36.One possible version:The birth of the world's first antibiotic medicine
解析
【分析】
这是一道阅读理解最佳标题类的主旨大意题，解题时首先要通读全文梳理完整的行文脉络：首先明确文章先后介绍了弗莱明因一战中士兵感染离世的经历决心寻找抗菌方法、1928年偶然发现青霉素、该发现当时未得到重视被搁置、后续其他科学家重新开展研究，最终在1943年完成人体测试，世界首款抗生素正式诞生的完整过程。接下来要牢记最佳标题的选择标准：必须能够覆盖全文核心内容，不能只对应某一个局部段落的内容，要体现整个核心事物的发展全过程，最后匹配出最贴合全文主旨的标题即可。
【解析】
1. 先梳理全文核心事件：文章以时间为线索，完整讲述了青霉素从偶然被发现，到后续被重新研究、最终成功落地成为全球首款抗生素药物的全部历程。
2. 排除片面指向：如果仅以“弗莱明发现青霉素”作为标题，只能覆盖文章前半部分内容，无法涵盖后续其他科学家完成落地测试的关键环节，不符合全文主旨。
3. 最终确定能够完整概括全文所有核心内容的标题，即世界上第一种抗生素药物的诞生。
【答案】
The birth of the world's first antibiotic medicine
【知识点】
阅读理解主旨归纳，最佳标题判断
【点评】
本题考查学生对说明文整体内容的梳理和主旨提炼能力，引导学生不能仅凭局部段落的内容就选定标题，要站在全文视角把握核心叙事主线，对学生的文本整体把控能力有一定的锻炼作用。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一道阅读理解最佳标题类的主旨大意题，解题时首先要通读全文梳理完整的行文脉络：首先明确文章先后介绍了弗莱明因一战中士兵感染离世的经历决心寻找抗菌方法、1928年偶然发现青霉素、该发现当时未得到重视被搁置、后续其他科学家重新开展研究，最终在1943年完成人体测试，世界首款抗生素正式诞生的完整过程。接下来要牢记最佳标题的选择标准：必须能够覆盖全文核心内容，不能只对应某一个局部段落的内容，要体现整个核心事物的发展全过程，最后匹配出最贴合全文主旨的标题即可。
【解析】
1. 先梳理全文核心事件：文章以时间为线索，完整讲述了青霉素从偶然被发现，到后续被重新研究、最终成功落地成为全球首款抗生素药物的全部历程。
2. 排除片面指向：如果仅以“弗莱明发现青霉素”作为标题，只能覆盖文章前半部分内容，无法涵盖后续其他科学家完成落地测试的关键环节，不符合全文主旨。
3. 最终确定能够完整概括全文所有核心内容的标题，即世界上第一种抗生素药物的诞生。
【答案】
The birth of the world's first antibiotic medicine
【知识点】
阅读理解主旨归纳，最佳标题判断
【点评】
本题考查学生对说明文整体内容的梳理和主旨提炼能力，引导学生不能仅凭局部段落的内容就选定标题，要站在全文视角把握核心叙事主线，对学生的文本整体把控能力有一定的锻炼作用。
【难度系数】
0.6
