三、任务型阅读
阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后的思维导图里填入最恰当的单词，每个空格只填一个单词。
The guitar is one of the most popular musical instruments in the world. Many different cultures have played instruments like the guitar for over 3,000 years.
The oldest guitar-like instrument is a tanbur，which comes from Ancient Egypt，dating back to about 1500 BCE. You can see it for yourself in a museum in Cairo. It belonged to a singer who sang for the Egyptian queen Hatshepsut. This type of guitar has three strings(弦)，a long neck and a pear-shaped sound box.
The lute is also an ancient instrument similar to a guitar，which comes from Europe，but it has a short neck and a body like half a pear. It usually has more strings than a guitar and they are in pairs. From 1100 to 1500，travelling singers and storytellers played the lute to go with their songs.
Guitars sometimes had pairs of strings like the lute，but the guitar changed over time to use single strings. People used guitars with six single strings for the first time in the 1600s in Italy，but the most important change happened in the 1850s. The Spanish guitar maker Antonio de Torres Jurado made the guitar's body bigger. His idea made the sound of the guitar louder and better. Most of today's classical guitars follow his design.
The first electric guitars appeared in the 1930s. The electric guitars have a solid body and can make many different sounds. We also find them in many different shapes and sizes. Some electric guitars don't look like guitars at all!

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了吉他的起源和发展。
1. popular 2. like 3. made 4. Europe 5. changes/development 6. pairs 7. first 8. bigger 9. design 10. different

【分析】
首先，通读全文明确文章主旨为介绍吉他的起源与发展历程。接着，结合思维导图的框架结构，逐一对应文章段落定位关键信息：
1. 先从首段提取吉他的基本属性相关内容；
2. 再梳理古老类吉他乐器的分支，分别从tanbur（古埃及）和lute（欧洲）的介绍中提取细节；
3. 最后聚焦吉他的演变、现代吉他及电吉他的特点，从文章后半段的时间节点、设计变化等内容中匹配对应词汇。解题时需注意每个空格仅填一个单词，确保词性、词形符合语境要求。
【解析】
1. 根据第一段第一句“The guitar is one of the most popular musical instruments in the world.”，可知吉他是最受欢迎的乐器之一，此处填popular。
2. 由第一段“Many different cultures have played instruments like the guitar for over 3,000 years.”及下文介绍的tanbur、lute均为类似吉他的古老乐器，填like。
3. 结合第二段“It belonged to a singer who sang for the Egyptian queen Hatshepsut.”，该乐器与埃及女王相关，此处填made。
4. 根据第三段“The lute is also an ancient instrument similar to a guitar，which comes from Europe”，可知lute来自欧洲，填Europe。
5. 文章第四段介绍了吉他从弦的形式到琴身设计的演变，对应吉他的发展变化，填changes/development。
6. 由第三段“It usually has more strings than a guitar and they are in pairs.”及第四段“Guitars sometimes had pairs of strings like the lute”，可知早期吉他曾有成对的弦，填pairs。
7. 根据第四段“People used guitars with six single strings for the first time in the 1600s in Italy”，可知意大利首次出现六根单弦的吉他，填first。
8. 由第四段“The Spanish guitar maker Antonio de Torres Jurado made the guitar's body bigger.”，可知Torres将吉他琴身改大，填bigger。
9. 根据第四段“Most of today's classical guitars follow his design.”，可知如今古典吉他沿用他的设计，填design。
10. 由最后一段“The electric guitars have a solid body and can make many different sounds. We also find them in many different shapes and sizes.”，可知电吉他有不同的声音和外形，填different。
【答案】
1. popular
2. like
3. made
4. Europe
5. changes/development
6. pairs
7. first
8. bigger
9. design
10. different
【知识点】
说明文信息提取、任务型阅读、词汇语境匹配
【点评】
本文是介绍吉他发展历程的说明文，任务型阅读着重考查学生对文章细节信息的定位与提取能力。解题需先把握文章主旨，再结合思维导图的逻辑框架精准匹配内容，同时要严格遵守“一空一词”的要求，确保所填单词符合语境与词性要求。
【难度系数】
0.6