Ⅰ. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成句子
1. Tom's two sons joined the a
and served our country.
2. Do you remember the first teacher who
taught you in p school?
3. The brave s was badly hurt,
but he kept fighting.
4. Terry greeted the visitors (热情地).
5. She volunteers at a c every
weekend to pack food for homeless
people.

Ⅰ. 1. army 2. primary 3. soldier
4. warmly 5. charity

【分析】
本题是根据首字母或汉语提示完成句子，解题思路为：先理解每个句子的语境，再结合给出的首字母或汉语提示，回忆符合语境的正确单词，同时注意单词的词性变化（如修饰动词需用副词）。
【解析】
1. 句意：汤姆的两个儿子参军为国服务。结合首字母a及“served our country”可知，此处填army（军队）。
2. 句意：你记得教你的第一位小学老师吗？“primary school”是固定搭配，意为“小学”，结合首字母p，填primary。
3. 句意：勇敢的士兵受了重伤，但仍继续战斗。结合首字母s及“brave”“kept fighting”可知，此处填soldier（士兵）。
4. 句意：特里热情地迎接了来访者。此处修饰动词“greeted”，需用副词，汉语“热情地”对应副词warmly。
5. 句意：她每个周末在慈善机构做志愿者，为无家可归的人打包食物。结合首字母c及“pack food for homeless people”可知，此处填charity（慈善机构）。
【答案】
Ⅰ. 1. army 2. primary 3. soldier 4. warmly 5. charity
【知识点】
词汇运用、固定搭配、副词用法
【点评】
本题为基础词汇填空题，主要考查常用单词、固定搭配及词性变化的掌握，属于英语基础题型，适合巩固词汇基础。
【难度系数】
0.8

Ⅱ. 按要求完成下列各题
1. Bob bought this book two weeks ago.
(改为同义句)
Bob this book for
two weeks.
2. He borrowed the book yesterday. (改为同义句)
He the book for
two days.
3. He went to Hamburg in 1996 and he
still lives there now. (改为同义句)
He lived in Hamburg
1996.
4. He left his hometown two years ago to
study in college. (改为同义句)
He has from his
hometown for two years to study in
college.
5. Cindy has already studied dancing for 3
years. (改为否定句)
Cindy studied dancing for 3
years .

Ⅱ. 1. has had 2. has kept 3. has; since
4. been away 5. hasn't; yet

【分析】
这些题目主要考查现在完成时的用法，核心是将短暂性动词转换为对应的延续性动词，以及现在完成时否定句的结构。解题时需注意：1. 短暂性动词（如buy、borrow、leave）不能与表示一段时间的状语（如for two weeks）连用，需转换为延续性动词/短语；2. 现在完成时否定句中，already要改为yet。
【解析】
1. 原句中bought是短暂性动词，与for two weeks（一段时间）连用时，需将buy转换为延续性动词have，主语Bob是第三人称单数，现在完成时结构为has+过去分词，故填has had。
2. borrowed是短暂性动词，与for two days连用时，转换为延续性动词keep，主语he，现在完成时用has kept。
3. 原句表示从1996年开始一直住在汉堡到现在，用现在完成时，since后接时间点1996，故填has; since。
4. left是短暂性动词，与for two years连用时，转换为延续性短语be away，现在完成时结构为has+been away，故填been away。
5. 现在完成时的否定句，助动词has后加not（缩写为hasn't），肯定句中的already在否定句中改为yet，故填hasn't; yet。
【答案】
1. has had 2. has kept 3. has; since 4. been away 5. hasn't; yet
【知识点】
现在完成时、短暂性动词与延续性动词转换、现在完成时否定句
【点评】
本题围绕现在完成时的核心考点命题，重点考查短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换规则，以及现在完成时否定句中副词的变化，是初中英语时态部分的基础题型，需熟练掌握相关用法。
【难度系数】
0.6

Ⅲ. 阅读理解
① Is the summer vacation long
enough to turn life for the better? Every
person has his or her own talents and
interests. Find something you care about,
and you will see the difference.
② Organize a clean-up programme.
People often throw litter(垃圾) in the
place where there is already litter. This
makes the community in a mess. The
environment will become better if
someone volunteers to help. You could
pick up the rubbish with your friends once
a week in your neighbourhood. You could
also help take care of the plants every few
days. Surely, a clean and tidy
neighbourhood will be worth the work.
③Show your love to the old. Our city
has some old people's homes. Without
children around them, the old people
there might feel lonely once in a while.
Maybe they need your help. In fact, you
can do a lot for them. For example, you
can talk with them or play games with
them. Listening to them carefully is also a
good idea. Some old people can't see
clearly and they would like you to read to
them. No matter what small things you
do, you can make them feel loved.
④Set up a reading project with your
friends. Share your favourite books with
them. Besides, you may read aloud to each
other and talk about what you read. Either
a book or an article can spark a lively(活
跃的) discussion and your further
thinking. The process often challenges
more people to take action. The project is
also a good way to welcome newcomers.
At the same time, you may find new
friends with similar hobbies.
⑤ A two-month summer vacation
isn't that long, but it's enough to make a
difference.
1. How often could you pick up the
rubbish according to the passage?
A. Once a week.
B. Every few weeks.
C. Once a month.
D. Every few months.
2. Why do you need to read to some old
people at the old people's homes?
A. Because you can think further.
B. Because you are good at reading.
C. Because they can't see clearly.
D. Because they are away from their
homes.
3. What does the underlined word "spark"
in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Finish. B. Start.
C. Waste. D. Depend.
4. Which is the right structure of the
passage? (① = paragraph 1; ② =
paragraph 2 ...)

5. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The people with different interests.
B. The greatest time to make a
difference.
C. The reasons for a different summer
vacation.
D. The ways of making a summer
vacation different.

Ⅲ.本文主要介绍了让暑假变得有意义的三
种方法。
1. A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“You
could pick up the rubbish with your friends
once a week in your neighbourhood.”可知，
你可以每周一次和你的朋友一起在你的社
区捡垃圾。故选A。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Some
old people can't see clearly and they
would like you to read to them.”可知，有
些老人希望你读给他们听的原因是他们
看不太清楚。故选C。
3. B 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Either
a book or an article can spark a lively
discussion and your further thinking.”可
知，此处应指一本书或一篇文章可以“激
发”讨论和进一步思考，所以画线部分
spark的意思与选项B“开始”相近。故
选B。
4. D 篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第
一段引出主题；第二、三、四段给出具体的
建议；第五段进行总结，所以本文的结构
为“总—分—总”结构。故选D。
5. D 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段
“Is the summer vacation long enough to
turn life for the better? Every person has
his or her own talents and interests. Find
something you care about, and you will
see the difference.”可知，本文主要介绍了
让暑假变得有意义的三种方法。故选D。

【分析】本题考查英语阅读理解的篇章结构分析，解题思路是先梳理文章各段落的功能：第①段引出“暑假可让生活变好”的主题，是总起段；第②③④段分别介绍清理社区、关爱老人、阅读项目三个具体建议，是分述段；第⑤段总结全文，强调暑假的意义，是总结段。据此判断文章结构为“总—分—总”，对应选项D。
【解析】本题为篇章结构题，需分析段落逻辑：1. 第①段以问题引出核心观点，属于总起部分；2. 第②③④段是具体的暑假活动建议，属于分述部分；3. 第⑤段总结全文，属于总结部分。因此文章结构为“总—分—总”，匹配选项D的结构。
【答案】D
【知识点】英语阅读理解 篇章结构分析；细节理解题；主旨大意题
【点评】本题是英语阅读理解中的篇章结构分析题，要求学生梳理语篇逻辑关系，区分总起、分述、总结段落，难度适中，考查学生的语篇分析能力。
【难度系数】0.6