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七、[热点素材](2025·泰安)阅读理解。
机器人是否应该看起来像人类
Nowadays, some companies around the world are offering humanoid(human - like) robots. They are being designed to look as human as possible. These products of technology are at the centre of a debate(辩论): Should they be made to look like humans or just like what they are—machines?
Robots are playing an increasingly bigger role in our lives. In some countries, robots have been entertaining kids and helping the elderly. Some experts say robots will be more effective at such jobs if they look like humans. Research has shown that people feel closer to human - like robots. Also, human - like robots suit environments that are designed for humans. After all, the world is full of stairs(楼梯), hallways, shelves at shoulder height and sight lines at eye level.
But other experts say robots don’t need to look like humans. Humanoid robots also have disadvantages. If robots look like us, we may expect them to act like us. However, they may make us disappointed because they can’t always do that yet. For example, they can’t laugh at the right moments during a conversation. Many people also find human - like robots scary.
I don’t think the human body is the best design for many of the jobs we want robots to do. Just think of small, flat robot vacuums(真空吸尘器). They can go under a sofa to pick up the dust balls. Can human - like robots also do this? Even if robots can be made into human - like ones, why do we limit(限定) them to two legs and two arms? Why not four and six so they can pick up the elderly or sick people comfortably? And that super intelligent AI almost certainly wouldn’t pick one body design to carry its mind around in. Why limit computational capacity(算力) to what fits inside a single head?
What’s your opinion about robots’ shapes?
1. 创新考法·组合选择 According to Paragraph 2, the reasons why robots should be designed to look like humans include
① People feel closer to humanoid robots.
② Robots are widely used in the industrial field.
③ Humanoid robots can serve the people effectively.
④ Humanoid robots can suit human environments.
A. ①②④
B. ①③④
C. ②③④
D. ①②③
2. Other experts don’t agree that robots are designed to look like humans because humanoid robots
A. cost a lot
B. can’t cry or laugh
C. can’t have conversations with humans
D. can’t always behave like us as we expect
3. What’s the writer’s opinion according to the fourth paragraph?
A. Robots can’t be made to look like humans.
B. Humanoid design is still the best choice for robots.
C. A robot should be designed with more arms, legs and heads.
D. The design of a robot’s shape should depend on its use.
机器人是否应该看起来像人类
Nowadays, some companies around the world are offering humanoid(human - like) robots. They are being designed to look as human as possible. These products of technology are at the centre of a debate(辩论): Should they be made to look like humans or just like what they are—machines?
Robots are playing an increasingly bigger role in our lives. In some countries, robots have been entertaining kids and helping the elderly. Some experts say robots will be more effective at such jobs if they look like humans. Research has shown that people feel closer to human - like robots. Also, human - like robots suit environments that are designed for humans. After all, the world is full of stairs(楼梯), hallways, shelves at shoulder height and sight lines at eye level.
But other experts say robots don’t need to look like humans. Humanoid robots also have disadvantages. If robots look like us, we may expect them to act like us. However, they may make us disappointed because they can’t always do that yet. For example, they can’t laugh at the right moments during a conversation. Many people also find human - like robots scary.
I don’t think the human body is the best design for many of the jobs we want robots to do. Just think of small, flat robot vacuums(真空吸尘器). They can go under a sofa to pick up the dust balls. Can human - like robots also do this? Even if robots can be made into human - like ones, why do we limit(限定) them to two legs and two arms? Why not four and six so they can pick up the elderly or sick people comfortably? And that super intelligent AI almost certainly wouldn’t pick one body design to carry its mind around in. Why limit computational capacity(算力) to what fits inside a single head?
What’s your opinion about robots’ shapes?
1. 创新考法·组合选择 According to Paragraph 2, the reasons why robots should be designed to look like humans include
B
.① People feel closer to humanoid robots.
② Robots are widely used in the industrial field.
③ Humanoid robots can serve the people effectively.
④ Humanoid robots can suit human environments.
A. ①②④
B. ①③④
C. ②③④
D. ①②③
2. Other experts don’t agree that robots are designed to look like humans because humanoid robots
D
.A. cost a lot
B. can’t cry or laugh
C. can’t have conversations with humans
D. can’t always behave like us as we expect
3. What’s the writer’s opinion according to the fourth paragraph?
A. Robots can’t be made to look like humans.
B. Humanoid design is still the best choice for robots.
C. A robot should be designed with more arms, legs and heads.
D. The design of a robot’s shape should depend on its use.
答案
1. B 细节理解题。根据文中第二段中“Some experts say robots will be more effective at such jobs if they look like humans.”“Research has shown that people feel closer to human-like robots.”以及 human-like robots suit environments that are designed for humans 可知，机器人应设计成人类模样的原因包括“人们对类人机器人更有亲近感”“类人机器人能更有效地服务人类”“类人机器人适配人类环境”，即①③④；而“机器人被广泛用于工业领域”在第二段未提及，故排除②。
2. D 细节理解题。根据文中第三段中“If robots look like us, we may expect them to act like us. However, they may make us disappointed because they can't always do that yet.”可知，其他专家反对将机器人设计成人类模样，是因为类人机器人不能总是如人类预期的那样行动。
3. D 推理判断题。根据文中第四段中的“I don't think the human body is the best design for many of the jobs we want robots to do.”以及“扁平的扫地机器人能钻沙发底”“搬运老人或病人可能需要更多的肢体”等例子可知，作者认为机器人的外形设计应取决于其用途。
2. D 细节理解题。根据文中第三段中“If robots look like us, we may expect them to act like us. However, they may make us disappointed because they can't always do that yet.”可知，其他专家反对将机器人设计成人类模样，是因为类人机器人不能总是如人类预期的那样行动。
3. D 推理判断题。根据文中第四段中的“I don't think the human body is the best design for many of the jobs we want robots to do.”以及“扁平的扫地机器人能钻沙发底”“搬运老人或病人可能需要更多的肢体”等例子可知，作者认为机器人的外形设计应取决于其用途。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇围绕类人机器人设计利弊展开的议论文类阅读理解，解题思路如下：
1. 第1题明确指定定位到第2段，先逐句梳理第二段中支持类人机器人设计的所有理由，再逐一核对题干给出的4个小表述，排除段落中完全没有提及的内容，即可选出正确组合。
2. 第2题定位到第三段反对类人机器人设计的相关表述，将每个选项和原文内容逐一比对，排除无中生有、偷换概念的错误选项，匹配符合原文逻辑的答案。
3. 第3题针对作者观点设问，定位到第四段，梳理作者举出的扫地机器人、多肢体服务机器人等例子，提炼核心逻辑，推理得出作者对机器人外形设计的态度，排除不符合原文表意的干扰项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：回到第二段查找对应内容：
原文"Some experts say robots will be more effective at such jobs if they look like humans"对应③类人机器人可以高效服务人类；
原文"Research has shown that people feel closer to human-like robots"对应①人们对类人机器人更有亲近感；
原文"human-like robots suit environments that are designed for humans"对应④类人机器人适配人类使用的环境；
表述②“机器人广泛应用于工业领域”在第二段完全没有提及，排除带②的选项，最终选①③④组合，即B选项。
2. 第2题：回到第三段查找反对理由：
原文明确说明"If robots look like us, we may expect them to act like us. However, they may make us disappointed because they can't always do that yet"，意思是类人机器人无法完全达到人类对它的行为预期，其余选项A的成本问题全文未提及，B“不会哭笑”、C“无法和人对话”都属于对原文内容的错误曲解，只有D选项符合原文表意。
3. 第3题：第四段作者提出人体结构并不是适配所有机器人工作的最优设计，举了扁平扫地机器人可以钻入沙发底、服务老人病人可以设计更多肢体等例子，说明不同用途的机器人需要适配不同的外形，因此核心观点是机器人的外形设计要根据它的使用场景、功能需求来确定，对应D选项。A选项“完全不能把机器人做成人类模样”不符合原文表述，B和作者观点完全相反，C“机器人要设计更多胳膊腿和头”是作者举的特殊场景的例子，不是核心结论，因此选D。
【答案】
1. B 2. D 3. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，阅读理解推理判断，信息比对筛选
【点评】
本题结合类人机器人的科技热点命题，考点覆盖细节理解和观点推理，难度梯度合理，既考察学生快速从指定段落定位关键信息的基础能力，也要求学生能区分作者举出的例子和核心观点，避开偷换概念、以偏概全的干扰项，适合训练议论文类阅读的解题逻辑。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇围绕类人机器人设计利弊展开的议论文类阅读理解，解题思路如下：
1. 第1题明确指定定位到第2段，先逐句梳理第二段中支持类人机器人设计的所有理由，再逐一核对题干给出的4个小表述，排除段落中完全没有提及的内容，即可选出正确组合。
2. 第2题定位到第三段反对类人机器人设计的相关表述，将每个选项和原文内容逐一比对，排除无中生有、偷换概念的错误选项，匹配符合原文逻辑的答案。
3. 第3题针对作者观点设问，定位到第四段，梳理作者举出的扫地机器人、多肢体服务机器人等例子，提炼核心逻辑，推理得出作者对机器人外形设计的态度，排除不符合原文表意的干扰项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：回到第二段查找对应内容：
原文"Some experts say robots will be more effective at such jobs if they look like humans"对应③类人机器人可以高效服务人类；
原文"Research has shown that people feel closer to human-like robots"对应①人们对类人机器人更有亲近感；
原文"human-like robots suit environments that are designed for humans"对应④类人机器人适配人类使用的环境；
表述②“机器人广泛应用于工业领域”在第二段完全没有提及，排除带②的选项，最终选①③④组合，即B选项。
2. 第2题：回到第三段查找反对理由：
原文明确说明"If robots look like us, we may expect them to act like us. However, they may make us disappointed because they can't always do that yet"，意思是类人机器人无法完全达到人类对它的行为预期，其余选项A的成本问题全文未提及，B“不会哭笑”、C“无法和人对话”都属于对原文内容的错误曲解，只有D选项符合原文表意。
3. 第3题：第四段作者提出人体结构并不是适配所有机器人工作的最优设计，举了扁平扫地机器人可以钻入沙发底、服务老人病人可以设计更多肢体等例子，说明不同用途的机器人需要适配不同的外形，因此核心观点是机器人的外形设计要根据它的使用场景、功能需求来确定，对应D选项。A选项“完全不能把机器人做成人类模样”不符合原文表述，B和作者观点完全相反，C“机器人要设计更多胳膊腿和头”是作者举的特殊场景的例子，不是核心结论，因此选D。
【答案】
1. B 2. D 3. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，阅读理解推理判断，信息比对筛选
【点评】
本题结合类人机器人的科技热点命题，考点覆盖细节理解和观点推理，难度梯度合理，既考察学生快速从指定段落定位关键信息的基础能力，也要求学生能区分作者举出的例子和核心观点，避开偷换概念、以偏概全的干扰项，适合训练议论文类阅读的解题逻辑。
【难度系数】
0.7
