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八、[核心素养]任务型阅读。
人与社会——历史、社会与文化
In 223 BC, Meng Tian led the army in a war against the Chu Kingdom. In those days, people wrote on silk with a kind of stick pen. The stick pen was very hard and made writing very slow. Meng Tian had to write a great number of reports about battlefield situations to the Qin ruler. He was frustrated(沮丧的) with the difficulty of writing, so he decided to make improvements.
Between battles, Meng enjoyed hunting. One day, Meng hunted a wild rabbit. It was fat and heavy and its tail left a trail(痕迹) on the ground. Meng suddenly had an idea. He immediately tied the rabbit’s tail to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was too oily(油性的) to hold the ink. Meng felt very sad and threw his “rabbit hair brush pen” away into a hole in the rocks.
However, Meng Tian couldn’t accept the failure and continued to spend time wondering how to improve the brush pen. A few days later, he was having a walk outside for some fresh air. By chance, he found again the rabbit hair brush pen that he had thrown away. He picked it up and found that it had changed and was now soft and wet—holding water. Meng Tian got inspiration at once. He put the rabbit hair brush pen back in the ink and found it worked beautifully on silk.
根据短文内容，回答问题。(每题答案不超过5个词)
1. What did people write with in 223 BC?
2. What was Meng Tian’s hobby between battles?
3. How did Meng Tian feel when he failed to write with the rabbit’s hair?
4. How was the rabbit hair brush pen that he had thrown away?
5. What do you think of Meng Tian?
人与社会——历史、社会与文化
In 223 BC, Meng Tian led the army in a war against the Chu Kingdom. In those days, people wrote on silk with a kind of stick pen. The stick pen was very hard and made writing very slow. Meng Tian had to write a great number of reports about battlefield situations to the Qin ruler. He was frustrated(沮丧的) with the difficulty of writing, so he decided to make improvements.
Between battles, Meng enjoyed hunting. One day, Meng hunted a wild rabbit. It was fat and heavy and its tail left a trail(痕迹) on the ground. Meng suddenly had an idea. He immediately tied the rabbit’s tail to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was too oily(油性的) to hold the ink. Meng felt very sad and threw his “rabbit hair brush pen” away into a hole in the rocks.
However, Meng Tian couldn’t accept the failure and continued to spend time wondering how to improve the brush pen. A few days later, he was having a walk outside for some fresh air. By chance, he found again the rabbit hair brush pen that he had thrown away. He picked it up and found that it had changed and was now soft and wet—holding water. Meng Tian got inspiration at once. He put the rabbit hair brush pen back in the ink and found it worked beautifully on silk.
根据短文内容，回答问题。(每题答案不超过5个词)
1. What did people write with in 223 BC?
A kind of stick pen.
2. What was Meng Tian’s hobby between battles?
Hunting.
3. How did Meng Tian feel when he failed to write with the rabbit’s hair?
He felt very sad.
4. How was the rabbit hair brush pen that he had thrown away?
Soft and wet.
5. What do you think of Meng Tian?
He was creative/very clever.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
答案
1. A kind of stick pen. 2. Hunting. 3. He felt very sad. 4. Soft and wet. 5. He was creative/very clever.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
解析
【分析】
这道任务型阅读明确要求答案不超过5个词，解题思路非常清晰：首先通读全文了解蒙恬改良毛笔的故事大意，再逐个抓取题干的关键词，回到原文精准定位对应语句，筛选出符合问题要求、字数合规的内容作答即可。前4道题都可以直接从原文找到匹配的短句，第5道开放性问题结合蒙恬主动钻研改良工具的人物特点，给出符合特征、字数达标的评价即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段"In those days, people wrote on silk with a kind of stick pen."，直接提取对应的书写工具，符合字数要求。
2. 定位原文第二段"Between battles, Meng enjoyed hunting."，直接提取他的爱好即可。
3. 定位原文第二段"Meng felt very sad and threw his 'rabbit hair brush pen' away into a hole in the rocks."，提取首次制作兔毛笔失败后的情绪表述。
4. 定位原文第三段"He picked it up and found that it had changed and was now soft and wet—holding water."，提取被丢弃的兔毛笔的状态即可。
5. 结合蒙恬善于观察、反复钻研不放弃的特点，给出合理评价，保证字数不超过5词即可，表述言之有理都符合要求。
【答案】
1. A kind of stick pen.
2. Hunting.
3. He felt very sad.
4. Soft and wet.
5. He was creative/very clever.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
【知识点】
1. 阅读细节定位
2. 任务型阅读简答
3. 传统文化常识
【点评】
本题结合蒙恬改良毛笔的经典历史故事命题，贴合英语学科核心素养要求，前4道均为原文直接可查的细节题，重点考查学生快速定位文本信息的能力，最后一道开放题引导学生主动思考人物特质，同时设置的字数限制也额外考查了学生的信息提炼能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
这道任务型阅读明确要求答案不超过5个词，解题思路非常清晰：首先通读全文了解蒙恬改良毛笔的故事大意，再逐个抓取题干的关键词，回到原文精准定位对应语句，筛选出符合问题要求、字数合规的内容作答即可。前4道题都可以直接从原文找到匹配的短句，第5道开放性问题结合蒙恬主动钻研改良工具的人物特点，给出符合特征、字数达标的评价即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段"In those days, people wrote on silk with a kind of stick pen."，直接提取对应的书写工具，符合字数要求。
2. 定位原文第二段"Between battles, Meng enjoyed hunting."，直接提取他的爱好即可。
3. 定位原文第二段"Meng felt very sad and threw his 'rabbit hair brush pen' away into a hole in the rocks."，提取首次制作兔毛笔失败后的情绪表述。
4. 定位原文第三段"He picked it up and found that it had changed and was now soft and wet—holding water."，提取被丢弃的兔毛笔的状态即可。
5. 结合蒙恬善于观察、反复钻研不放弃的特点，给出合理评价，保证字数不超过5词即可，表述言之有理都符合要求。
【答案】
1. A kind of stick pen.
2. Hunting.
3. He felt very sad.
4. Soft and wet.
5. He was creative/very clever.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
【知识点】
1. 阅读细节定位
2. 任务型阅读简答
3. 传统文化常识
【点评】
本题结合蒙恬改良毛笔的经典历史故事命题，贴合英语学科核心素养要求，前4道均为原文直接可查的细节题，重点考查学生快速定位文本信息的能力，最后一道开放题引导学生主动思考人物特质，同时设置的字数限制也额外考查了学生的信息提炼能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
