2025年暑假作业本大象出版社八年级数学人教版第74页答案
9. 用合适的方法解下列方程:
(1)$(x + 4)^{2} = 5(x + 4)$;
移项、因式分解,得(x + 4)(x - 1) = 0,x + 4 = 0或x - 1 = 0,解得$x_{1} = -4$,$x_{2} = 1$

(2)$(x + 1)^{2} = 4x$;
整理,得$x^{2} - 2x + 1 = 0$,$(x - 1)^{2} = 0$,解得$x_{1} = x_{2} = 1$

(3)$(x + 3)^{2} = (1 - 2x)^{2}$;
移项,得$(x + 3)^{2} - (1 - 2x)^{2} = 0$,因式分解,得(4 - x)(3x + 2) = 0,解得$x_{1} = 4$,$x_{2} = -\frac{2}{3}$

(4)$(x - 2)^{2} + 2(x - 2) - 3 = 0$。
整理,得$(x - 2)^{2} + 2(x - 2) + 1 = 3 + 1$,$(x - 2 + 1)^{2} = 4$,x - 1 = ±2,解得$x_{1} = 3$,$x_{2} = -1$

答案

(1)移项、因式分解,得(x + 4)(x - 1) = 0,x + 4 = 0或x - 1 = 0,解得$x_{1} = -4$,$x_{2} = 1$. (2)整理,得$x^{2} - 2x + 1 = 0$,$(x - 1)^{2} = 0$,解得$x_{1} = x_{2} = 1$. (3)移项,得$(x + 3)^{2} - (1 - 2x)^{2} = 0$,因式分解,得(4 - x)(3x + 2) = 0,解得$x_{1} = 4$,$x_{2} = -\frac{2}{3}$. (4)整理,得$(x - 2)^{2} + 2(x - 2) + 1 = 3 + 1$,$(x - 2 + 1)^{2} = 4$,x - 1 = ±2,解得$x_{1} = 3$,$x_{2} = -1$.
10. 已知关于$x的一元二次方程x^{2} - 2x - 3m^{2} = 0$。
(1)求证:方程总有两个不相等的实数根;
证明:∵ a = 1,b = -2,c = -3$m^{2}$,∴ Δ = $(-2)^{2} - 4 × 1 × (-3m^{2})$ = 4 + 12$m^{2}$ > 0,∴ 方程总有两个不相等的实数根.
(2)若方程的两个实数根分别为$\alpha$,$\beta$,且$\alpha + 2\beta = 5$,求$m$的值。
解:由题意,得$\begin{cases}\alpha + \beta = 2, \\ \alpha + 2\beta = 5.\end{cases}$ 解得$\begin{cases}\alpha = -1, \\ \beta = 3.\end{cases}$ ∵ αβ = -3$m^{2}$,∴ -3$m^{2}$ = -3,∴ m = ±1,∴ m的值为
±1
.

答案

(1)∵ a = 1,b = -2,c = -3$m^{2}$,∴ Δ = $(-2)^{2} - 4 × 1 × (-3m^{2})$ = 4 + 12$m^{2}$ > 0,∴ 方程总有两个不相等的实数根. (2)由题意,得$\begin{cases}\alpha + \beta = 2, \\ \alpha + 2\beta = 5.\end{cases}$ 解得$\begin{cases}\alpha = -1, \\ \beta = 3.\end{cases}$ ∵ αβ = -3$m^{2}$,∴ -3$m^{2}$ = -3,∴ m = ±1,∴ m的值为±1.
1. 李师傅家的超市今年$1月盈利3000$元,$3月盈利3630$元。若从$1月到3$月,每月盈利的平均增长率都相同,则这个平均增长率是(
B
)
A.$10.5\%$
B.$10\%$
C.$20\%$
D.$21\%$

答案

B
2. 如图$1$,某小区计划在一块长为$32\ \text{m}$、宽为$20\ \text{m}$的矩形空地上修建三条同样宽的道路,剩余的空地上种植草坪,使草坪的面积为$570\ \text{m}^{2}$。若设道路的宽为$x\ \text{m}$,则下面所列方程正确的是(
A
)

A.$(32 - 2x)(20 - x) = 570$
B.$32x + 2 × 20x = 32 × 20 - 570$
C.$(32 - x)(20 - x) = 32 × 20 - 570$
D.$32x + 2 × 20x - 2x^{2} = 570$

答案

A