Ⅳ. 阅读理解。
Born in 1935 in New Jersey, Dr Sylvia Earle would spend her days in the wild simply exploring the beautiful wonders of the natural world. From insects to plant bodies, young Earle was amazed by them all. She lived on a farm, and she had wildlife within walking distance from her house. Her parents never held her back but only encouraged her to learn more about these things. At an early age, Earle and her family moved to Clearwater, Florida. This allowed Earle to develop a unique understanding and appreciation(欣赏) of nature.
The educational journey of Earle went smoothly. She studied at Florida State University and supported herself by working at college laboratories. As a result of her excellent academic performance, Earle worked as a Harvard research member in 1967.
Like many women in the work field, Earle had to carry out two work shifts(轮班) every day: one at her home and the other at her office. In 1964, she had to leave behind her children for a six-week expedition(考察) in the Indian Ocean. Moreover, in 1968, she had to travel a hundred feet below the waters of the Bahamas in the submersible Deep Diver while she was four months pregnant(怀孕). These amazing efforts of Earle in the field of oceanography set her apart from other scientists.
In 1970, she headed an all-women expedition 50 feet underwater for two weeks. In 1979, she became the first woman to walk the ocean floor 381 metres below the surface. She led the team of oceanographers' research aboard the Tektite underwater laboratory. After winning much fame(声誉) from the expedition, Earle moved on to write for *National Geographic*. Under the National Geographic Society, she led the five-year program of Sustainable Seas Expeditions from 1998 to 2002. She even became a speaker to let the public know about environmental damage.
Her dream is to help the ocean bodies remain strong. All the work of Earle has proved to benefit the world.
()1. The underlined word "unique" in paragraph 1 means "".
A. uncertain B. unusual C. careful D. complete
()2. We can learn when Earle was very young, she .
A. lived a lonely life B. showed amazing creative abilities
C. was fairly crazy about nature D. was strictly controlled by her parents
()3. We can infer from paragraph 3 that Earle's work .
A. was harmful to her health B. did her family lots of good
C. was traditional but interesting D. required her all-out efforts
()4. What may be people's attitude towards Earle's expedition in 1970?
A. Awful. B. Appreciative. C. Hopeful. D. Doubtful.
()5. The author writes the passage mainly to .
A. honour a hero for the planet B. encourage women to study the sea
C. introduce ocean exploration D. draw public's attention to ocean protection

1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A

【分析】
本题为人物传记类阅读理解，包含词义猜测、细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意四类题型。解题思路：1. 词义猜测题需结合上下文语境推断单词含义；2. 细节理解题需定位原文对应段落，查找关键信息；3. 推理判断题需结合原文细节合理推断隐含信息；4. 主旨大意题需梳理全文核心内容，把握作者写作意图。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：定位第一段“...develop a unique understanding and appreciation of nature”，结合语境，搬到佛罗里达后能更亲近自然，形成“独特的”对自然的理解，对应选项B（unusual，意为“不寻常的、独特的”），A（不确定的）、C（仔细的）、D（完全的）均不符合，故选B。
2. 细节理解题：定位第一段“young Earle was amazed by them all... Her parents never held her back but only encouraged her to learn more about these things”，可知她小时候对自然非常着迷，A（孤独的生活）、B（创造力）、D（父母严格控制）均与原文不符，故选C。
3. 推理判断题：第三段提到她每天兼顾家庭和工作轮班，为考察离开孩子，怀孕时仍参与水下考察，这些细节说明她的工作需要全力以赴，A（有害健康）、B（对家庭有益）、C（传统有趣）均无依据，故选D。
4. 态度判断题：第四段提到1970年的考察让她获得声誉，说明人们对她的考察是欣赏的，A（糟糕的）、C（充满希望的）、D（怀疑的）均不符合，故选B。
5. 主旨大意题：全文介绍Sylvia Earle在海洋探索与环保领域的贡献，核心是致敬这位为地球（海洋）做出巨大贡献的英雄，B（鼓励女性学海洋）、C（介绍海洋探索）、D（呼吁环保）均为片面内容，故选A。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A
【知识点】
词义猜测题、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本题为人物传记类阅读理解，考查学生对阅读核心解题方法的掌握，需结合语境分析、原文定位、主旨梳理等能力，难度适中，适合巩固阅读解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6