五、根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文完整通顺。
China's Project Hope has s 1 over 4 million poor students since it was set up years ago. Until today, the project has raised more than 10 billion yuan of d 2 from many people. The money has b 3 used in building more than eighteen t 4 Project Hope primary schools. Over 4 million children can go to these schools. Project Hope knows that these children won't have a bright f 5 if they get no education. Most of the primary schools and students helped by the project are in China's central and w 6 areas which are less developed.
Project Hope has helped build learning centres, libraries and training centres. It also helps t 7 school teachers from rural (乡村的) areas.
Project Hope has been the largest and most influential welfare (福利) project of China. Though it has done a lot for them, there are still millions of students who are too p 8 to have education. More action should be taken to h 9 them. Project Hope needs more people's help and we can support its work by s 10 donations.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. supported 2. donations 3. been 4. thousand 5. future 6. western 7. train 8. poor 9. help 10. sending

【分析】
做这类首字母填空题型，首先第一步要通读全文，明确本文核心主题是介绍中国希望工程的发展与作用，整体把握文章的叙事逻辑和时态基调。接下来逐个结合空格前后的语境含义、给出的首字母提示，同时匹配对应的语法规则、固定搭配来推导所需单词，最后还要检查单词的形式是否符合要求：比如时态语态的变形、名词单复数、非谓语动词的形式等，确保填入后语句通顺逻辑合理。
具体思考路径：1. 第一空主语是希望工程，搭配后面的400多万贫困学生，结合首字母s和前面的助动词has，能想到是“资助”学生，用现在完成时的过去分词形式；2. 第二空说项目从民众那里筹集的100多亿，首字母d，对应“捐款”的含义，用复数形式符合语境；3. 第三空前面是助动词has，后面是实义动词used，是现在完成时的被动结构，缺been；4. 第四空前面是数词eighteen，后面接希望小学的数量，首字母t，对应thousand表示千，一万八千所符合事实；5. 第五空bright是“光明的”，首字母f，搭配“未来”符合“没有教育就没有光明未来”的逻辑；6. 第六空和central（中部的）并列，描述欠发达的区域，首字母w，对应西部的western，符合中国中西部欠发达的常识；7. 第七空前面是help，后面接乡村教师，首字母t，对应培训教师，用help do sth的结构填动词原形；8. 第八空是too...to...结构，“太…而不能上学”，首字母p，对应贫穷的poor；9. 第九空说采取更多行动去…他们，首字母h，对应帮助help；10. 第十空介词by后面要接动名词，搭配donations捐款，首字母s，对应寄送/捐赠，填sending。
【解析】
1. 句意：中国希望工程自多年前成立以来已经资助了超过400万贫困学生。本句为现在完成时（has+过去分词），结合首字母s和语境“资助学生”，填supported。
2. 句意：直到今天，该项目已经从民众那里筹到了超过100亿元的捐款。此处表示多笔捐款，用donation的复数形式，结合首字母d，填donations。
3. 句意：这笔钱已经被用于建造超过18000所希望小学。本句是现在完成时的被动语态，结构为have/has been+过去分词，结合首字母b，填been。
4. 句意同上，前面有数词eighteen，thousand前接具体数字时用单数形式，结合首字母t，填thousand。
5. 句意：希望工程知道如果这些孩子得不到教育，他们就不会有光明的未来。固定搭配bright future表示光明的未来，结合首字母f，填future。
6. 句意：该项目帮扶的大部分小学和学生都位于中国欠发达的中部和西部地区。和central并列修饰区域，结合首字母w，填western。
7. 句意：它还帮助培训来自乡村地区的学校教师。固定结构help (to) do sth.，结合语境和首字母t，填动词原形train。
8. 句意：尽管它已经为他们做了很多事，但仍有数百万学生太穷而无法接受教育。固定结构too+adj.+to do sth. 表示“太…而不能…”，结合首字母p，填poor。
9. 句意：需要采取更多行动来帮助他们。结合语境和首字母h，不定式符号to后接动词原形，填help。
10. 句意：希望工程需要更多人的帮助，我们可以通过捐款来支持它的工作。介词by后接动名词作宾语，结合首字母s，填sending。
【答案】
1. supported 2. donations 3. been 4. thousand 5. future 6. western 7. train 8. poor 9. help 10. sending
【知识点】
1. 现在完成时
2. 固定短语搭配
3. 语境词义推断
【点评】
本题以希望工程为主题，既考查学生对初中阶段核心词汇、基础语法（时态、非谓语、固定结构）的掌握程度，也渗透了公益相关的文化常识。解题时需要注意不能只看单个句子，要结合全文的逻辑和常识判断词义，同时格外注意动词变形、名词单复数这类细节考点，避免拼写形式错误失分。
【难度系数】
0.7

六、阅读理解。
Is the summer vacation long enough to turn life around for the better? Every person has his own talents and interests. Find something you care about, and you will see the difference.
Organize a clean-up programme. People often throw litter where there is already some litter. This leaves the community a mess. The environment will become better if someone volunteers to help.
Show your love to the old. Our city has some old people's homes. Without children around them, the old people there might feel lonely at times. Maybe they need your help. In fact, you can do a lot for them. For example, you can talk with them or play games with them. Listening to them carefully is also a good idea. Some old people can't see clearly and they would like to have someone read to them. No matter what small things you do, you can make them feel loved.
Set up a reading group with your friends. Share your favourite books with them. Besides, you may read aloud to each other and talk about what you read. Either a book or an article can spark a lively discussion and your further thinking. The process often challenges more people to take action. The project is also a good way to welcome newcomers. At the same time, you may find new friends with similar hobbies.
A two-month summer vacation isn't that long, but it's enough to make a difference.
() 1. Why do you need to read to some old people at the old people's homes?
A. Because you can think further.
B. Because they can't see clearly.
C. Because you are good at reading.
D. Because they are away from their homes.
() 2. What does the underlined word "spark" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Finish.
B. Increase.
C. Start.
D. Attend.
() 3. Which is the right structure (结构) of the text?
A. ①② ③④ ⑤
B. ① ①②③④
C. ① ②③④ ⑤
D. ②③④ ⑤
() 4. What is the best title for the text?
A. People with Different Interests
B. How to Make a Difference in Summer Vacation
C. Reasons for a Different Summer Vacation
D. Volunteer Jobs During a Summer Vacation

1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B

【分析】
这是一篇关于暑假规划的阅读理解题，解题思路如下：
1. 细节类题目：根据题干给出的关键词，直接定位到原文对应段落，匹配原文给出的明确信息即可选出正确答案；
2. 词义猜测题：结合划线词所在句子的上下文语义，逐一排除不符合语境的选项，选出最贴合表达逻辑的释义；
3. 篇章结构题：先梳理全文的行文逻辑，划分出总起段、分述段、总结段，再和给出的结构示意图逐一匹配，选出对应正确的结构；
4. 主旨选标题类题目：要选择能覆盖全文核心内容的选项，排除片面、偏离主题的干扰项，选出最贴合全文主旨的标题。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据题干关键词"read to some old people"定位到原文第三段"Some old people can't see clearly and they would like to have someone read to them"，可知给老人读书的原因是部分老人视力不佳看不清内容，对应选项B。
2. 第2题：划线词"spark"所在句意为“不管是一本书还是一篇文章都能______活跃的讨论和进一步的思考”，结合语境，此处表达的是开启、引发讨论的含义，A完成、B增加、D参与都不符合语义，只有C.Start（开启、引发）完全贴合语境。
3. 第3题：梳理全文逻辑：第1段总起，引出“暑假足够让生活往好的方向转变”的核心话题；第2、3、4段并列分述三个可以落地的具体活动；第5段收尾总结，再次点明两个月的暑假不长但足够带来积极改变，属于典型的总分总结构，对应选项D的结构示意图。
4. 第4题：全文围绕“如何在暑假做出积极的改变”展开，介绍了三种可执行的具体做法，A选项完全偏离主题，C选项只提及原因没有覆盖核心的做法内容，D选项只提到志愿工作，内容片面，只有B选项"How to Make a Difference in Summer Vacation"完整覆盖全文核心主旨，是最佳标题。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，阅读理解词义猜测，阅读理解篇章结构
【点评】
本题覆盖了初中英语阅读理解最常考的四类题型，难度梯度合理，既考查学生快速定位原文提取信息的基础能力，也考查学生对上下文语义的推导能力和对整篇文章行文逻辑的梳理能力，同时也引导学生思考如何合理规划暑假生活。
【难度系数】
0.7