2026年教与学浙江教育出版社八年级英语下册外研版第30页答案
Ⅶ. Complete the passage with proper words or the proper forms of the words given.
Confucius(551—479 BC) was a great thinker and teacher in the Spring and
Autumn Period of China. He was born in Qufu, the capital of the state of Lu (part of
Shandong). He worked 29.
as
an official there but ended up having to leave
the state of Lu.
Confucius spent about 13 years 30.
travelling
(travel) around the other states,
spreading his ideas. And he tried to teach people that peace was very important for a
31.
healthy
(health) society. However, it was not until the rule of Emperor Wu
of Han Dynasty (156—87 BC) that his ideas 32.
were put
(put) into practice. In
his final years, he returned to Qufu, where he spent the rest of his life teaching. His
teachings were recorded by his 33.
followers
(follower) in a book called Lunyu.
He believed everyone should develop virtues 34.
and
always do the right
things. To help people understand 35.
how
to behave towards others, he
taught five key virtues: ren (kindness, charity), yi (fairness), li (ceremony,
tradition), zhi(knowledge), and xin(trust). Another important virtue is xiao(filial
piety). Xiao is the duty a person has towards 36.
their
(they) parents. It
means loving, respecting, obeying, and taking care of one's parents. Xiao forms the
base of 37.
a
peaceful society. And it is the final goal according to his
thoughts.
It is clear that Confucius's thoughts will continue 38.
to be
(be) a
necessary part of Chinese culture and do something good to our
growth.

答案

29. as 30. travelling 31. healthy 32. were put
33. followers 34. and 35. how 36. their
37. a 38. to be

解析

【分析】
首先通读全文,明确本文是介绍孔子生平、思想及其文化影响的说明文,整体时态以一般过去时为主,描述客观事实的部分用一般现在时。接下来逐空推导:
1. 第29空:空后是职业身份official,回忆和work搭配表示“担任某职位”的固定短语,即可确定对应介词。
2. 第30空:看到前面的spent,立刻联想到spend的固定用法spend time (in) doing sth,将给出的动词变形即可。
3. 第31空:空后是名词society,需要用形容词修饰名词,把名词health转换为对应的形容词形式。
4. 第32空:主语his ideas和动作put into practice是被动关系,且动作发生在汉代汉武帝时期,属于过去的时间,用一般过去时的被动语态,注意主语是复数,be动词用were。
5. 第33空:语境是他的弟子记录他的学说,follower是可数名词,孔子的追随者不止一个,要变为复数形式。
6. 第34空:前后两个动作develop virtues和do the right things是并列顺承的逻辑关系,选择对应的并列连词。
7. 第35空:句意是“帮助人们理解如何对待他人”,用“疑问词+不定式”结构作understand的宾语,表达方式含义选对应的疑问词。
8. 第36空:空后是名词parents,需要形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词,将主格they转换为对应的物主代词。
9. 第37空:此处泛指“一个和平的社会”,peaceful以辅音音素开头,选对应的不定冠词。
10. 第38空:回忆continue的固定搭配continue to do sth,直接变形给出的be动词即可。
【解析】
29. 固定搭配work as意为“担任……职位”,符合语境“他在那里担任官员”,故填as。
30. 固定结构spend time doing sth表示“花费时间做某事”,travel的动名词形式为travelling,故填travelling。
31. 此处需要形容词修饰名词society,health的形容词形式是healthy,意为“健康的”,符合语境“健康的社会”,故填healthy。
32. 主语his ideas和put into practice是被动关系,动作发生在过去,主语为复数,一般过去时被动语态结构为were+过去分词,故填were put。
33. follower是可数名词,此处指孔子的众多弟子,要用复数形式followers,故填followers。
34. 前后“培养美德”和“始终做正确的事”是并列顺承关系,用并列连词and连接,故填and。
35. 此处是“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语,表达“如何待人”的含义,用how,故填how。
36. 此处修饰名词parents,要用they对应的形容词性物主代词their,意为“他们的”,故填their。
37. 此处泛指一个和平的社会,peaceful以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a,故填a。
38. 固定搭配continue to do sth意为“继续做某事”,故填to be。
【答案】
29. as 30. travelling 31. healthy 32. were put
33. followers 34. and 35. how 36. their
37. a 38. to be
【知识点】
固定搭配应用,词形转换,动词被动语态
【点评】
本题结合中国传统文化中孔子的相关常识设题,考点覆盖初中英语核心语法点,既考察学生对介词、连词、冠词等虚词的掌握,也考察非谓语动词、词性转换、时态语态等重点语法,难度适中,同时能让学生在做题过程中加深对传统文化的了解。
【难度系数】
0.7
词汇拓展 Can you guess the part of speech and meaning of the underlined words in the
passage(s) above?
39. debate:
v. 辩论
40. thinker:
n. 思想家

答案

39.v. 辩论 40.n. 思想家

解析

【分析】
这道题要求推断词汇的词性和词义,我们可以结合已学的基础词汇积累和基础构词法知识来推导:首先处理thinker这个词,先找到它的词根是大家非常熟悉的动词think(意为思考),后缀-er是英语里非常典型的指代动作执行者的名词后缀,由此就能直接判断它的词性和含义。再看debate这个词,结合平时积累的词汇用法,它可以直接接宾语表示“辩论某事”,由此可以确定它作动词时的含义,符合本题考察的基础要求。
【解析】
39. 单词debate既可以作名词也可以作动词,本题考察其作动词的基础用法,词性为动词,含义为辩论。
40. 单词thinker的词根为动词think(思考),附加表动作执行者的名词后缀-er,词性为名词,含义为思想家。
【答案】
39.v. 辩论 40.n. 思想家
【知识点】
1. 英语构词法 2. 常见词汇词义
【点评】
本题属于基础级别的词汇拓展题型,核心考察学生对常用基础词汇的记忆,以及对常见表人名词后缀的识别能力,没有复杂的推导逻辑,只要有基础的词汇积累就可以顺利完成。
【难度系数】
0.9