B
(2025·广州一模改编) Domingo Morales has many jobs. Environmentalist is one. A farmer in the city is another. He has started a group. It's called Compost (堆肥) Power.
“I'm a compost expert,” Morales said. “I've been composting for the past seven years.” Morales runs six composting sites in New York City. That's his hometown. “In New York City, one-third of our waste is actually food waste,” he says. That garbage is put into landfills (垃圾填埋场). But it could be composted.
“Composting is taking our kitchen waste and turning it into food for the soil,” Morales explains. Plants use nutrients (营养) to grow. They take these nutrients from the soil. Banana peels and apple cores can be composted. So can many other unnecessary foods. But we never add meat, dairy, cheese, fats or oils, pet waste, or chemically treated wood in. These items either cause unpleasant smells or contain harmful diseases or chemicals.
The food cycle has to do with how food is produced, sold, and eaten. When food ends up in landfills, energy and nutrients are wasted. But with composting, the food cycle can be more sustainable (可持续的). Composting breaks down uneaten food. The nutrients in the compost help the soil. The soil is used to grow new fruits and vegetables. For Morales, composting is “a way to complete the cycle”.
When people think of New York City, they might think of tall buildings and busy streets. But there are also rooftop farms and community gardens. And there are Morales's composting sites. His task is to start even more of them. “We're able to create a nice ecosystem right here,” he says. “Even on top of concrete, we can create soil.”
()21. Why did Domingo Morales start “Compost Power” in New York City?
A. Because New York City is his hometown.
B. Because it is easier to find composting sites in New York City.
C. Because New York City produces a large amount of food waste.
D. Because the climate in New York City is ideal for composting.
()22. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following food can be used for composting?
a. Banana peels and apple cores
b. Milk and cheese waste
c. Vegetables waste
d. Chicken and beef waste
A. ab
B. cd
C. ac
D. bd
()23. According to Morales's idea, which of the following food cycles is more sustainable?

()24. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Morales wants to replace all tall buildings in New York City with rooftop farms.
B. Morales believes composting can help create a great ecosystem in New York City.
C. Morales plans to stop all food waste from being sent to landfills in New York City.
D. Morales thinks community gardens are more important than composting sites.
()25. What is the best title of the passage?
A. New York City's tall buildings and busy streets
B. Composting changes food waste
C. How to complete the food cycle
D. Composting for a sustainable New York City

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了 Domingo Morales 的多重身份，重点讲述了他创立“Compost Power”组织，在纽约市开展堆肥工作。
21. C 细节理解题。根据“‘In New York City, one-third of our waste is actually food waste,’ he says. That garbage is put into landfills. But it could be composted。”可知，纽约市三分之一的垃圾是食物垃圾，这些垃圾本可用于堆肥，所以他创立组织是因为纽约市产生了大量食物垃圾。故选 C。
22. C 细节理解题。根据“Banana peels and apple cores can be composted. So can many other unnecessary foods. But we never add meat, dairy, cheese, fats or oils, pet waste, or chemically treated wood in。”可知，香蕉皮、苹果核以及蔬菜垃圾可堆肥；牛奶和奶酪垃圾、鸡肉和牛肉垃圾不可堆肥。故选 C。
23. A 图示理解题。根据“But with composting, the food cycle can be more sustainable. Composting breaks down uneaten food. The nutrients in the compost help the soil. The soil is used to grow new fruits and vegetables。”可知，通过堆肥，将未食用的食物分解，堆肥中的养分滋养土壤，土壤用于种植新的果蔬，这种循环更可持续。故选 A。
24. B 推理判断题。根据“‘We’re able to create a nice ecosystem right here,’ he says. ‘Even on top of concrete, we can create soil.’”可知，Morales 相信堆肥有助于纽约市创建良好的生态系统。故选 B。
25. D 标题归纳题。文章围绕 Domingo Morales 在纽约市开展堆肥工作，以实现更加可持续的发展展开，D 选项“堆肥助力可持续发展的纽约市”能很好地概括文章主旨。故选 D。

【分析】
1. 第21题：这是细节理解题，解题时先定位题干核心信息“start Compost Power”，再回到原文寻找相关表述。需重点关注纽约市垃圾的特点，原文提到纽约市三分之一的垃圾是食物垃圾，且这些垃圾可被堆肥利用，由此锁定对应选项。
2. 第22题：细节理解题，解题关键是定位第三段中关于可堆肥与不可堆肥物品的描述，明确区分可堆肥的食物（如香蕉皮、苹果核、普通厨余蔬菜等）和不可堆肥的物品（如肉类、乳制品等），再匹配选项。
3. 第23题：图示理解题，先梳理原文中可持续食物循环的逻辑：商店售卖食物→食物产生厨余→厨余进行堆肥→堆肥养分滋养土壤→土壤种植新果蔬→新果蔬再供应给商店。再对比各选项的循环流程，找到完全匹配的选项。
4. 第24题：推理判断题，解题需聚焦最后一段中Morales的表述，通过他的话语推断其观点，重点关注他对堆肥与生态系统关系的阐述。
5. 第25题：标题归纳题，解题要抓住文章核心：Domingo Morales在纽约开展堆肥项目，推动城市可持续发展。需选择能全面涵盖“堆肥、纽约、可持续发展”这几个核心要素的标题。
【解析】
21. 细节理解题。根据原文第二段“‘In New York City, one-third of our waste is actually food waste,’ he says. That garbage is put into landfills (垃圾填埋场). But it could be composted.”可知，纽约市存在大量可被堆肥的食物垃圾，这是Domingo Morales创立“Compost Power”的原因，对应选项C。
22. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Banana peels and apple cores can be composted. So can many other unnecessary foods. But we never add meat, dairy, cheese, fats or oils, pet waste, or chemically treated wood in.”可知，香蕉皮、苹果核（a项）和蔬菜垃圾（c项）属于可堆肥的食物；牛奶奶酪（b项）、鸡肉牛肉（d项）属于不可堆肥的物品，因此选C。
23. 图示理解题。根据第四段“But with composting, the food cycle can be more sustainable (可持续的). Composting breaks down uneaten food. The nutrients in the compost help the soil. The soil is used to grow new fruits and vegetables.”可知，可持续食物循环的流程为：商店→食物→堆肥→土壤种植新食物→商店。选项A的循环流程（stores→食物→composting→植物→stores）完全符合该逻辑，故选A。
24. 推理判断题。根据最后一段Morales的话语“‘We’re able to create a nice ecosystem right here,’ he says. ‘Even on top of concrete, we can create soil.’”可推断，Morales相信堆肥能够帮助纽约市创建良好的生态系统，对应选项B。
25. 标题归纳题。文章围绕Domingo Morales在纽约市开展堆肥项目，将食物垃圾转化为土壤养分，实现城市食物循环的可持续发展展开。选项D“Composting for a sustainable New York City”全面涵盖了文章核心要素，能准确概括主旨，故选D。
【答案】
21. C
22. C
23. A
24. B
25. D
【知识点】
细节理解题解法、推理判断类题型、主旨标题归纳
【点评】
本题为环保主题的记叙文阅读理解，考查多种题型的解题能力，既需要学生精准定位提取文本细节信息，也要求学生理解文章的逻辑循环与核心主旨，注重对学生信息提取、逻辑推理和主旨归纳能力的考查。
【难度系数】
0.6