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二、阅读理解
Whether it's putting your elbows(肘部) on the table or talking with a mouth full of food, everyone has to watch their manners at some time. Manners have developed over thousands of years and are always changing. Around 100 years ago, children weren't allowed to speak unless parents spoke to them first. Now young people can make their voices heard in many places.
Manners also mean different things in different countries. Eating food loudly is considered rude in some countries, but in others it's a sign that people are enjoying their meals. What do you think? Are manners important?
Many old people think so. They say kind words and actions are good to everyone. When someone has good manners, it shows they care about other people's feelings and want them to be comfortable. In other words, well-mannered people make the world a happier place. Manners also help keep everyone healthy, which is why people should cover their mouths when they cough and keep dirty feet off seats.
However, some young men don't think so. They hold the idea that manners make people act in a way that doesn't mean how they really feel. If someone says "thank you" or "sorry" when they don't mean it, they're not being polite. In Europe, manners were ways of showing how rich a person was, but does it really matter what type of knife people use to eat fish? As long as people are kind to others, they should be allowed to act how they like.
(
A. To start the topic.
B. To keep the tradition.
C. To show the importance of them.
D. To tell the young about them.
(
A. By comparing.
B. In the order of time.
C. By listing numbers.
D. In the order of space.
(
A. They are easy to follow.
B. They are very necessary.
C. They make people more relaxed.
D. They are less important than being kind.
(
A. Saying sorry certainly means being polite.
B. Eating fish with a knife shows you're rich.
C. Coughing with the mouth covered is strange.
D. Eating loudly can be good manners sometimes.
Whether it's putting your elbows(肘部) on the table or talking with a mouth full of food, everyone has to watch their manners at some time. Manners have developed over thousands of years and are always changing. Around 100 years ago, children weren't allowed to speak unless parents spoke to them first. Now young people can make their voices heard in many places.
Manners also mean different things in different countries. Eating food loudly is considered rude in some countries, but in others it's a sign that people are enjoying their meals. What do you think? Are manners important?
Many old people think so. They say kind words and actions are good to everyone. When someone has good manners, it shows they care about other people's feelings and want them to be comfortable. In other words, well-mannered people make the world a happier place. Manners also help keep everyone healthy, which is why people should cover their mouths when they cough and keep dirty feet off seats.
However, some young men don't think so. They hold the idea that manners make people act in a way that doesn't mean how they really feel. If someone says "thank you" or "sorry" when they don't mean it, they're not being polite. In Europe, manners were ways of showing how rich a person was, but does it really matter what type of knife people use to eat fish? As long as people are kind to others, they should be allowed to act how they like.
(
A
)1. Why are the table manners mentioned in Paragraph 1?A. To start the topic.
B. To keep the tradition.
C. To show the importance of them.
D. To tell the young about them.
(
A
)2. How is the passage developed?A. By comparing.
B. In the order of time.
C. By listing numbers.
D. In the order of space.
(
D
)3. What do some young people think of good manners?A. They are easy to follow.
B. They are very necessary.
C. They make people more relaxed.
D. They are less important than being kind.
(
D
)4. What can we infer from this passage?A. Saying sorry certainly means being polite.
B. Eating fish with a knife shows you're rich.
C. Coughing with the mouth covered is strange.
D. Eating loudly can be good manners sometimes.
答案
1~4 AADD
解析
【分析】
做此类阅读理解题时，需先通读全文把握文章核心话题，再带着问题回原文定位关键信息，结合选项逐一分析排除。本题围绕“礼仪”展开，考查主旨目的、文章结构、细节理解及推理判断能力，需精准对应原文内容推导答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：第一段以餐桌礼仪的例子引出“礼仪随时间发展且不断变化”的核心话题，目的是开启文章主题，故选A。
2. 第2题：文章先对比不同时代的礼仪差异，再对比不同国家的礼仪含义，最后对比老人与年轻人对礼仪的看法，主要采用对比的结构，故选A。
3. 第3题：最后一段提到年轻人认为“只要对他人友善，就可按自己的方式行事”，说明他们觉得礼仪不如友善重要，故选D。
4. 第4题：第二段指出“在一些国家大声吃饭是享受食物的标志”，可推断大声吃饭有时是好礼仪，故选D。
【答案】
AADD
【知识点】
阅读理解（主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断）
【点评】
本文围绕“礼仪的变化、不同国家的差异及不同人群的观点”展开，考查学生对文章整体结构、细节信息及隐含逻辑的理解能力，需结合原文细节推导，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
做此类阅读理解题时，需先通读全文把握文章核心话题，再带着问题回原文定位关键信息，结合选项逐一分析排除。本题围绕“礼仪”展开，考查主旨目的、文章结构、细节理解及推理判断能力，需精准对应原文内容推导答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：第一段以餐桌礼仪的例子引出“礼仪随时间发展且不断变化”的核心话题，目的是开启文章主题，故选A。
2. 第2题：文章先对比不同时代的礼仪差异，再对比不同国家的礼仪含义，最后对比老人与年轻人对礼仪的看法，主要采用对比的结构，故选A。
3. 第3题：最后一段提到年轻人认为“只要对他人友善，就可按自己的方式行事”，说明他们觉得礼仪不如友善重要，故选D。
4. 第4题：第二段指出“在一些国家大声吃饭是享受食物的标志”，可推断大声吃饭有时是好礼仪，故选D。
【答案】
AADD
【知识点】
阅读理解（主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断）
【点评】
本文围绕“礼仪的变化、不同国家的差异及不同人群的观点”展开，考查学生对文章整体结构、细节信息及隐含逻辑的理解能力，需结合原文细节推导，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
