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一、根据中文意思完成句子。
1. 震后，医生们忙于帮助有需要的人们。
After the earthquake, doctors
2. 洪水来临时，村民们大批地离开了那个村庄。
When the flood came, villagers left the village
3. 一场森林大火使所有的动物都失去了它们的家园。
A wildfire made all the animals
4. 水污染严重破坏了海洋动物的生存环境。
Water pollution harms the
5. 干净的水和熟食是人们在自然灾害中所需要的。
What people need in natural disasters is clean water and
1. 震后，医生们忙于帮助有需要的人们。
After the earthquake, doctors
were busy helping
people in need.2. 洪水来临时，村民们大批地离开了那个村庄。
When the flood came, villagers left the village
in great numbers
.3. 一场森林大火使所有的动物都失去了它们的家园。
A wildfire made all the animals
lose their homes
.4. 水污染严重破坏了海洋动物的生存环境。
Water pollution harms the
living environment
of sea animals a lot.5. 干净的水和熟食是人们在自然灾害中所需要的。
What people need in natural disasters is clean water and
cooked food
.答案
一、1. were busy helping
2. in great numbers
3. lose their homes
4. living environment
5. cooked food
2. in great numbers
3. lose their homes
4. living environment
5. cooked food
解析
【解析】
1. “忙于做某事”用固定结构be busy doing sth.，主语doctors是复数，结合“震后”的过去语境，be动词用were，所以填were busy helping。
2. “大批地”对应的固定短语是in great numbers，符合语境要求。
3. “使某人做某事”用make sb. do sth.结构，“失去家园”译为lose their homes，所以填lose their homes。
4. “生存环境”对应的英文短语是living environment，在句中作宾语。
5. “熟食”译为cooked food，与clean water并列作表语。
【答案】
1. were busy helping
2. in great numbers
3. lose their homes
4. living environment
5. cooked food
【知识点】
固定短语搭配、使役动词用法、名词短语
【点评】
本题考查英语常用固定短语、句式及名词短语在语境中的运用，要求学生掌握基础的短语搭配和语法结构，提升在实际语境中的语言运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
1. “忙于做某事”用固定结构be busy doing sth.，主语doctors是复数，结合“震后”的过去语境，be动词用were，所以填were busy helping。
2. “大批地”对应的固定短语是in great numbers，符合语境要求。
3. “使某人做某事”用make sb. do sth.结构，“失去家园”译为lose their homes，所以填lose their homes。
4. “生存环境”对应的英文短语是living environment，在句中作宾语。
5. “熟食”译为cooked food，与clean water并列作表语。
【答案】
1. were busy helping
2. in great numbers
3. lose their homes
4. living environment
5. cooked food
【知识点】
固定短语搭配、使役动词用法、名词短语
【点评】
本题考查英语常用固定短语、句式及名词短语在语境中的运用，要求学生掌握基础的短语搭配和语法结构，提升在实际语境中的语言运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
二、根据短文完成思维导图。
In 2024, Chongqing experienced a long - lasting heatwave, with temperatures reaching over 40℃ for weeks. This unusually hot weather caused serious problems. Many people, especially the elderly and the children, got heatstroke (中暑) easily. The dry conditions also led to wildfires in nearby forests, destroying (摧毁) trees and homes of some people. It was difficult for animals and plants to survive because there was little water. However, the hot weather helped some farmers by quickly drying their wet crops after the harvest (收割).
In 2024, Chongqing experienced a long - lasting heatwave, with temperatures reaching over 40℃ for weeks. This unusually hot weather caused serious problems. Many people, especially the elderly and the children, got heatstroke (中暑) easily. The dry conditions also led to wildfires in nearby forests, destroying (摧毁) trees and homes of some people. It was difficult for animals and plants to survive because there was little water. However, the hot weather helped some farmers by quickly drying their wet crops after the harvest (收割).
答案
二、1. heatwave 2. heatstroke 3. wildfires 4. harmed 5. dry wet crops
解析
【解析】
这是一道根据短文内容完成思维导图的任务，需从给定短文中提取对应关键信息：
1. 思维导图主题为短文核心事件，由首句"In 2024, Chongqing experienced a long-lasting heatwave"可知主题为heatwave；
2. 由"Many people, especially the elderly and the children, got heatstroke easily"可知高温导致人们中暑，填heatstroke；
3. 由"The dry conditions also led to wildfires in nearby forests"可知干燥天气引发野火，填wildfires；
4. 由"It was difficult for animals and plants to survive because there was little water"可知缺水危害动植物，填harmed；
5. 由"the hot weather helped some farmers by quickly drying their wet crops after the harvest"可知高温帮助烘干湿庄稼，填dry wet crops。
【答案】
1. heatwave
2. heatstroke
3. wildfires
4. harmed
5. dry wet crops
【知识点】
信息提取，阅读理解，思维导图构建
【点评】
本题考查学生从短文中提取关键信息的能力，需精准定位原文对应内容，理清事件与影响的逻辑关系，有助于提升学生的信息抓取和归纳能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一道根据短文内容完成思维导图的任务，需从给定短文中提取对应关键信息：
1. 思维导图主题为短文核心事件，由首句"In 2024, Chongqing experienced a long-lasting heatwave"可知主题为heatwave；
2. 由"Many people, especially the elderly and the children, got heatstroke easily"可知高温导致人们中暑，填heatstroke；
3. 由"The dry conditions also led to wildfires in nearby forests"可知干燥天气引发野火，填wildfires；
4. 由"It was difficult for animals and plants to survive because there was little water"可知缺水危害动植物，填harmed；
5. 由"the hot weather helped some farmers by quickly drying their wet crops after the harvest"可知高温帮助烘干湿庄稼，填dry wet crops。
【答案】
1. heatwave
2. heatstroke
3. wildfires
4. harmed
5. dry wet crops
【知识点】
信息提取，阅读理解，思维导图构建
【点评】
本题考查学生从短文中提取关键信息的能力，需精准定位原文对应内容，理清事件与影响的逻辑关系，有助于提升学生的信息抓取和归纳能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
三、阅读理解。
When we talk about storms (暴风雨), most people imagine heavy rain or strong winds. However, there's another kind of storm — one that comes from space! These are called solar storms, and they begin with huge explosions (爆炸) on the sun. These explosions release energy much stronger than millions of nuclear bombs (核弹).
Fortunately, the earth has natural defenses (防御能力) that can protect us from most harmful effects. While we can't see or feel solar storms like natural storms, they can cause problems for satellites, radio communications, and even power systems. On the bright side, solar storms create amazing auroras (极光) in the sky.
The strongest recorded solar storm was the 1859 Carrington Event. The auroras were so bright that people woke up at night, and some thought it was daytime! The storm also broke many communication tools then.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
(
A. Thunderclouds in space.
B. Explosions on the sun.
C. Explosions on the earth.
D. Auroras in the sky.
(
A. Go out.
B. Give out.
C. Put out.
D. Set out.
(
A. Because they are too far away.
B. Because they only happen at night.
C. Because of the earth's natural defenses.
D. Because people wear special clothes.
(
A. Which technology is used in solar storms?
B. What effects can solar storms cause?
C. Where do solar storms come from?
D. What do auroras look like?
(
A. All phones would break into pieces at once.
B. Everyone would get sunburned.
C. All cars would stop working.
D. Internet and power systems could not work well.
When we talk about storms (暴风雨), most people imagine heavy rain or strong winds. However, there's another kind of storm — one that comes from space! These are called solar storms, and they begin with huge explosions (爆炸) on the sun. These explosions release energy much stronger than millions of nuclear bombs (核弹).
Fortunately, the earth has natural defenses (防御能力) that can protect us from most harmful effects. While we can't see or feel solar storms like natural storms, they can cause problems for satellites, radio communications, and even power systems. On the bright side, solar storms create amazing auroras (极光) in the sky.
The strongest recorded solar storm was the 1859 Carrington Event. The auroras were so bright that people woke up at night, and some thought it was daytime! The storm also broke many communication tools then.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
(
B
)1. What causes solar storms?A. Thunderclouds in space.
B. Explosions on the sun.
C. Explosions on the earth.
D. Auroras in the sky.
(
B
)2. What does the underlined word "release" mean?A. Go out.
B. Give out.
C. Put out.
D. Set out.
(
C
)3. Why don't solar storms harm people directly?A. Because they are too far away.
B. Because they only happen at night.
C. Because of the earth's natural defenses.
D. Because people wear special clothes.
(
B
)4. What question would you like to ask when you read the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?A. Which technology is used in solar storms?
B. What effects can solar storms cause?
C. Where do solar storms come from?
D. What do auroras look like?
(
D
)5. What might happen if a Carrington - level solar storm takes place today?A. All phones would break into pieces at once.
B. Everyone would get sunburned.
C. All cars would stop working.
D. Internet and power systems could not work well.
答案
三、1. B 由第一段第三句可知，这些被称为“太阳风暴”，由太阳上的巨大爆炸引发。
2. B 由该词所在句句意可知，这些爆炸释放出比几百万颗核弹都要强得多的能量。release 意为“释放”，与 give out 同义。
3. C 由第二段第一句可知，地球有天然的防御能力，能保护我们免受大部分有害影响。
4. B 由第二段画横线句子可知，太阳风暴会给卫星、无线电通信甚至电力系统带来麻烦。故 B 项提出的问题“太阳风暴会造成什么影响”与画线句子内容相关。
5. D 由第三段最后一句可知，卡林顿事件中许多通信工具被破坏，故可推断，如果类似事件再次发生，网络通信将会受到影响。
2. B 由该词所在句句意可知，这些爆炸释放出比几百万颗核弹都要强得多的能量。release 意为“释放”，与 give out 同义。
3. C 由第二段第一句可知，地球有天然的防御能力，能保护我们免受大部分有害影响。
4. B 由第二段画横线句子可知，太阳风暴会给卫星、无线电通信甚至电力系统带来麻烦。故 B 项提出的问题“太阳风暴会造成什么影响”与画线句子内容相关。
5. D 由第三段最后一句可知，卡林顿事件中许多通信工具被破坏，故可推断，如果类似事件再次发生，网络通信将会受到影响。
解析
【解析】
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“These are called solar storms, and they begin with huge explosions (爆炸) on the sun.”可知，太阳风暴由太阳上的巨大爆炸引发，故选B。
2. 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句句意“这些爆炸释放出比几百万颗核弹都要强得多的能量”，release意为“释放”，与give out意思相近，故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Fortunately, the earth has natural defenses (防御能力) that can protect us from most harmful effects.”可知，地球的天然防御能力使太阳风暴不会直接伤害人类，故选C。
4. 推理判断题。第二段画线句子“they can cause problems for satellites, radio communications, and even power systems.”介绍了太阳风暴的影响，对应的问题是“太阳风暴会造成什么影响”，故选B。
5. 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“The storm also broke many communication tools then.”可知，卡林顿事件破坏了许多通信工具，由此可推断如今发生同等强度的太阳风暴，网络和电力系统可能无法正常运行，故选D。
【答案】
1. B；2. B；3. C；4. B；5. D
【知识点】
细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断
【点评】
本文介绍了太阳风暴的成因、影响等天文科普知识，题目聚焦学生的细节查找、词义猜测与推理判断能力，既考查英语阅读能力，也拓宽了科普视野。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“These are called solar storms, and they begin with huge explosions (爆炸) on the sun.”可知，太阳风暴由太阳上的巨大爆炸引发，故选B。
2. 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句句意“这些爆炸释放出比几百万颗核弹都要强得多的能量”，release意为“释放”，与give out意思相近，故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Fortunately, the earth has natural defenses (防御能力) that can protect us from most harmful effects.”可知，地球的天然防御能力使太阳风暴不会直接伤害人类，故选C。
4. 推理判断题。第二段画线句子“they can cause problems for satellites, radio communications, and even power systems.”介绍了太阳风暴的影响，对应的问题是“太阳风暴会造成什么影响”，故选B。
5. 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“The storm also broke many communication tools then.”可知，卡林顿事件破坏了许多通信工具，由此可推断如今发生同等强度的太阳风暴，网络和电力系统可能无法正常运行，故选D。
【答案】
1. B；2. B；3. C；4. B；5. D
【知识点】
细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断
【点评】
本文介绍了太阳风暴的成因、影响等天文科普知识，题目聚焦学生的细节查找、词义猜测与推理判断能力，既考查英语阅读能力，也拓宽了科普视野。
【难度系数】
0.6
