21. 先化简,再求值:
(1)$(\frac{a + b}{a - b})^2 \cdot \frac{2a - 2b}{3a + 3b} - \frac{4a^2}{a^2 - b^2} \div \frac{3a}{b}$,其中$a = \sqrt{3}$,$b = \sqrt{2}$;
(2)$\frac{x - 2}{x - 1} \div (x + 1 - \frac{3}{x - 1})$,其中$x = \sqrt{5} - 4$.
(1)$(\frac{a + b}{a - b})^2 \cdot \frac{2a - 2b}{3a + 3b} - \frac{4a^2}{a^2 - b^2} \div \frac{3a}{b}$,其中$a = \sqrt{3}$,$b = \sqrt{2}$;
(2)$\frac{x - 2}{x - 1} \div (x + 1 - \frac{3}{x - 1})$,其中$x = \sqrt{5} - 4$.
答案
(1) 原式$=\frac{2a^2 + 2b^2}{3a^2 - 3b^2}$. 当$a = \sqrt{3}$,$b = \sqrt{2}$时,原式$=\frac{2\times(\sqrt{3})^2 + 2\times(\sqrt{2})^2}{3\times(\sqrt{3})^2 - 3\times(\sqrt{2})^2}=\frac{10}{3}$ (2) 原式$=\frac{1}{x + 2}$. 当$x = \sqrt{5}-4$时,原式$=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}-4 + 2}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}-2}=\sqrt{5}+2$
22. (2023·张家界)阅读材料:
将边长分别为$a$、$a + \sqrt{b}$、$a + 2\sqrt{b}$、$a + 3\sqrt{b}$的正方形的面积分别记为$S_1$、$S_2$、$S_3$、$S_4$,则$S_2 - S_1 = (a + \sqrt{b})^2 - a^2 = [(a + \sqrt{b}) + a] \cdot [(a + \sqrt{b}) - a] = (2a + \sqrt{b}) \cdot \sqrt{b} = b + 2a\sqrt{b}$. 例如:当$a = 1$,$b = 3$时,$S_2 - S_1 = 3 + 2\sqrt{3}$.
根据以上材料,解答下列问题:
(1)当$a = 1$,$b = 3$时,$S_3 - S_2 = $________,$S_4 - S_3 = $________.
(2)当$a = 1$,$b = 3$时,把边长为$a + n\sqrt{b}$的正方形的面积记作$S_{n + 1}$,其中$n$是正整数,从(1)中的计算结果,你能猜出$S_{n + 1} - S_n$等于多少吗?请证明你的猜想.
(3)当$a = 1$,$b = 3$时,令$t_1 = S_2 - S_1$,$t_2 = S_3 - S_2$,$t_3 = S_4 - S_3$,$\cdots$,$t_n = S_{n + 1} - S_n$,且$T = t_1 + t_2 + t_3 + \cdots + t_{50}$,求$T$的值.
将边长分别为$a$、$a + \sqrt{b}$、$a + 2\sqrt{b}$、$a + 3\sqrt{b}$的正方形的面积分别记为$S_1$、$S_2$、$S_3$、$S_4$,则$S_2 - S_1 = (a + \sqrt{b})^2 - a^2 = [(a + \sqrt{b}) + a] \cdot [(a + \sqrt{b}) - a] = (2a + \sqrt{b}) \cdot \sqrt{b} = b + 2a\sqrt{b}$. 例如:当$a = 1$,$b = 3$时,$S_2 - S_1 = 3 + 2\sqrt{3}$.
根据以上材料,解答下列问题:
(1)当$a = 1$,$b = 3$时,$S_3 - S_2 = $________,$S_4 - S_3 = $________.
(2)当$a = 1$,$b = 3$时,把边长为$a + n\sqrt{b}$的正方形的面积记作$S_{n + 1}$,其中$n$是正整数,从(1)中的计算结果,你能猜出$S_{n + 1} - S_n$等于多少吗?请证明你的猜想.
(3)当$a = 1$,$b = 3$时,令$t_1 = S_2 - S_1$,$t_2 = S_3 - S_2$,$t_3 = S_4 - S_3$,$\cdots$,$t_n = S_{n + 1} - S_n$,且$T = t_1 + t_2 + t_3 + \cdots + t_{50}$,求$T$的值.
答案
(1) $9 + 2\sqrt{3}$ $15 + 2\sqrt{3}$ (2) $S_{n + 1}-S_n = 6n - 3 + 2\sqrt{3}$ $S_{n + 1}-S_n=(1+\sqrt{3}n)^2-[1+(n - 1)\sqrt{3}]^2=[2+(2n - 1)\cdot\sqrt{3}]\times\sqrt{3}=3(2n - 1)+2\sqrt{3}=6n - 3 + 2\sqrt{3}$ (3) 当$a = 1$,$b = 3$时,$T = t_1 + t_2 + t_3+\cdots+t_{50}=S_2 - S_1 + S_3 - S_2 + S_4 - S_3+\cdots+S_{51}-S_{50}=S_{51}-S_1=(1 + 50\sqrt{3})^2 - 1 = 7500 + 100\sqrt{3}$