Ⅳ. 语法填空。
Sneezing(打喷嚏)might seem like a small thing，but it is actually one of your body's first ways to (1) (protect) itself. It helps keep you safe (2) germs(细菌)that try to get inside you.
You cannot really stop a sneeze. (3) something tickles(痒)inside your nose，your brain tells your body to push it out.
Sometimes，unusual things can make you sneeze. For example，if you have an (4) (allergy)，you might sneeze a lot. If you are allergic to cats or dogs，it is not (5) good idea to keep them as pets. Sometimes，bright light makes some people sneeze，too.
Sneezing is good for you，but it can be bad for (6) (other). When you sneeze，germs fly out very (7) (fast). If other people breathe (8) these germs，they can get sick.
So，always remember to cover your nose and mouth when you sneeze. It is also important (9) (wash) your hands. This simple (10) (habit) keeps you safe and protects the people around you.

Ⅳ. 1. protect 2. from 3. If/When 4. allergy 5. a 6. others 7. fast 8. in 9. to wash 10. habit

【解析】
1. 考查固定用法“way to do sth”，表示“做某事的方式”，所以填动词原形protect。
2. 考查固定短语“keep sb safe from sth”，意为“保护某人免受某物侵害”，故填from。
3. 考查状语从句引导词，此处表示“当鼻子内部发痒时/如果鼻子内部发痒”，可用If或When引导从句，故填If/When。
4. 考查名词，不定冠词“an”后接可数名词单数，allergy是名词，意为“过敏症”，故填allergy。
5. 考查不定冠词，“a good idea”是固定表达，泛指“一个好主意”，故填a。
6. 考查代词，介词“for”后接代词others，指代“其他人”，故填others。
7. 考查副词，此处用副词修饰动词短语“fly out”，fast可作副词，意为“快速地”，故填fast。
8. 考查固定短语“breathe in”，意为“吸入”，故填in。
9. 考查固定句型“It is + 形容词 + to do sth”，表示“做某事是……的”，故填to wash。
10. 考查名词单数，指示代词“this”后接可数名词单数，故填habit。
【答案】
1. protect 2. from 3. If/When 4. allergy 5. a 6. others 7. fast 8. in 9. to wash 10. habit
【知识点】
固定短语搭配、动词不定式、状语从句引导词
【点评】
本题是一篇关于打喷嚏的语法填空题，考查基础语法知识与固定搭配，需结合文章语境，掌握常见短语、句型及词性用法，侧重对学生基础语法运用能力的考查。
【难度系数】
0.7

Ⅴ. 阅读理解。
How Did Ancient People Brush Their Teeth?
In ancient times，people didn't have toothbrushes like we do，but they had smart ways to keep teeth clean.
Early on，they used fingers wrapped in soft cloth to rub teeth gently. Later，they made simple toothbrushes：bamboo or wooden sticks with small，soft bristles(刷毛)from pighair or horsehair.
For toothpaste(牙膏)，they used natural things. Some mixed salt and water—it kills germs and cleans teeth. Others used crushed herbs，bamboo ash or powdered bones，which help remove dirt and fresh breath.
In China，people also liked chewing mint or tea leaves after meals. These plants have a fresh smell and can reduce bad breath.
Though their tools were simple，ancient people knew keeping teeth clean is important for health. Their natural ways show great wisdom.
()1. What did ancient people use to make the bristles of simple toothbrushes?
A. Soft cloth.
B. Pighair or horsehair.
C. Bamboo or wood.
D. Crushed herbs.
()2. Which of the following was NOT used as ancient “toothpaste”?
A. Salt and water.
B. Bamboo ash.
C. Mint leaves.
D. Powdered bones.
()3. What does “These plants” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Mint and tea leaves.
B. Herbs and bamboo.
C. Bamboo and wooden sticks.
D. Pig hair and horse hair.
()4. How does the writer feel about ancient people's ways of cleaning teeth?
A. They are too simple to work.
B. They show great wisdom.
C. They are better than modern methods.
D. They are not useful for health.

Ⅴ. 1-4 BCAB

【翻译】
【解析】
1. 根据文章第二段“Later，they made simple toothbrushes：bamboo or wooden sticks with small，soft bristles(刷毛)from pighair or horsehair.”可知，简易牙刷的刷毛由猪毛或马毛制成，故选B。
2. 文章第三段提及古人用作牙膏替代品的有盐水、磨碎的草药、竹灰、骨粉；第四段提到的薄荷叶子是饭后咀嚼来减少口臭，并非用作牙膏，故选C。
3. 第四段中“These plants”指代前一句提到的“mint or tea leaves”，故选A。
4. 根据最后一段“Their natural ways show great wisdom.”可知，作者认为古人的洁牙方式体现了非凡的智慧，故选B。
【答案】
1-4 BCAB
【知识点】
细节信息查找、指代关系判断、作者态度把握
【点评】
本文介绍了古代人们清洁牙齿的不同方式，题目侧重对文章细节内容的考查，需要学生精准定位文中关键信息，理清指代关系并把握作者观点，有助于提升学生的文本信息提取与理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.8