11. 如图,长方形内有两个正方形,面积分别为$4$和$2$,求阴影部分的面积.

答案
$2\sqrt{2}-2$
解析
解:∵面积为4的正方形边长为$\sqrt{4}=2$,面积为2的正方形边长为$\sqrt{2}$,
∴长方形的长为$2+\sqrt{2}$,宽为2,
∴长方形面积为$2(2+\sqrt{2})=4+2\sqrt{2}$,
∴阴影部分面积为$(4+2\sqrt{2})-4-2=2\sqrt{2}-2$。
∴长方形的长为$2+\sqrt{2}$,宽为2,
∴长方形面积为$2(2+\sqrt{2})=4+2\sqrt{2}$,
∴阴影部分面积为$(4+2\sqrt{2})-4-2=2\sqrt{2}-2$。
1. 已知$a$,$b$,$c$满足$\vert a - \sqrt{8}\vert+\sqrt{b - \sqrt{18}}+(c - \sqrt{32})^{2}=0$.
(1)求$a$,$b$,$c$的值.
(2)以$a$,$b$,$c$为三边长能否构成一个三角形?并说明你的理由.
(1)求$a$,$b$,$c$的值.
(2)以$a$,$b$,$c$为三边长能否构成一个三角形?并说明你的理由.
答案
(1)因为$\vert a - \sqrt{8}\vert≥0$,$\sqrt{b - \sqrt{18}}≥0$,$(c - \sqrt{32})^{2}≥0$,且$\vert a - \sqrt{8}\vert+\sqrt{b - \sqrt{18}}+(c - \sqrt{32})^{2}=0$,所以$a - \sqrt{8}=0$,$b - \sqrt{18}=0$,$c - \sqrt{32}=0$。解得$a = \sqrt{8}=2\sqrt{2}$,$b=\sqrt{18}=3\sqrt{2}$,$c=\sqrt{32}=4\sqrt{2}$。
(2)能构成三角形。理由:$a + b = 2\sqrt{2}+3\sqrt{2}=5\sqrt{2}$,$c = 4\sqrt{2}$,因为$5\sqrt{2}>4\sqrt{2}$;$a + c = 2\sqrt{2}+4\sqrt{2}=6\sqrt{2}$,$b = 3\sqrt{2}$,因为$6\sqrt{2}>3\sqrt{2}$;$b + c = 3\sqrt{2}+4\sqrt{2}=7\sqrt{2}$,$a = 2\sqrt{2}$,因为$7\sqrt{2}>2\sqrt{2}$。任意两边之和大于第三边,所以能构成三角形。
(2)能构成三角形。理由:$a + b = 2\sqrt{2}+3\sqrt{2}=5\sqrt{2}$,$c = 4\sqrt{2}$,因为$5\sqrt{2}>4\sqrt{2}$;$a + c = 2\sqrt{2}+4\sqrt{2}=6\sqrt{2}$,$b = 3\sqrt{2}$,因为$6\sqrt{2}>3\sqrt{2}$;$b + c = 3\sqrt{2}+4\sqrt{2}=7\sqrt{2}$,$a = 2\sqrt{2}$,因为$7\sqrt{2}>2\sqrt{2}$。任意两边之和大于第三边,所以能构成三角形。
2. 先化简,再求值:$(\dfrac{1}{3}x\sqrt{9x}+y^{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y^{3}}})-(x^{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}}-5x\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}})$,其中$x = \dfrac{2}{3}$,$y = 4$.
答案
$4\sqrt{6}$
解析
化简过程:
$\begin{aligned}&(\dfrac{1}{3}x\sqrt{9x} + y^{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y^{3}}}) - (x^{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}} - 5x\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}})\\=&(\dfrac{1}{3}x · 3\sqrt{x} + y^{2} · \dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{y^{2}}) - (x^{2} · \dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x} - 5x · \dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{x})\\=&(x\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{xy}) - (x\sqrt{x} - 5\sqrt{xy})\\=&x\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{xy} - x\sqrt{x} + 5\sqrt{xy}\\=&6\sqrt{xy}\end{aligned}$
代入求值:
当$x = \dfrac{2}{3}$,$y = 4$时,$xy = \dfrac{2}{3} × 4 = \dfrac{8}{3}$,则:
$6\sqrt{xy} = 6\sqrt{\dfrac{8}{3}} = 6 × \dfrac{2\sqrt{6}}{3} = 4\sqrt{6}$
$\begin{aligned}&(\dfrac{1}{3}x\sqrt{9x} + y^{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y^{3}}}) - (x^{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}} - 5x\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}})\\=&(\dfrac{1}{3}x · 3\sqrt{x} + y^{2} · \dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{y^{2}}) - (x^{2} · \dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x} - 5x · \dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{x})\\=&(x\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{xy}) - (x\sqrt{x} - 5\sqrt{xy})\\=&x\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{xy} - x\sqrt{x} + 5\sqrt{xy}\\=&6\sqrt{xy}\end{aligned}$
代入求值:
当$x = \dfrac{2}{3}$,$y = 4$时,$xy = \dfrac{2}{3} × 4 = \dfrac{8}{3}$,则:
$6\sqrt{xy} = 6\sqrt{\dfrac{8}{3}} = 6 × \dfrac{2\sqrt{6}}{3} = 4\sqrt{6}$
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