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六、阅读理解
There is little rain in deserts. Because deserts are so dry, they have no “quilt” to help stop the soil from going away. As a result, they may get very hot during the day with the sun shining, but don't hold the heat overnight. Many deserts can quickly get cold once the sun goes down. Some deserts can reach temperatures of over 100 degrees F during the day and then drop below freezing(32 degrees F)during the night.
The largest hot and dry desert in the world is the Sahara in Northern Africa. The Sahara is a sandy desert with great sand hills. It covers over 3 million square miles of Africa. Other large deserts include the Arabian Desert, the Gobi Desert, and the Kalahari Desert.
Animals that live in the desert are also used to needing little water. Many get all the water they need from the food they eat. ▲ The camel stores up fat in its hump while other animals keep something they need in their tails.
Only certain types of plants can live in the terrible environment of the desert. You won't see a lot of tall trees in the desert. Most plants have a way to keep water in their leaves or trunks, so they can live a long time without water.
Now deserts cover around 20% of the world's land, but they are growing. This is called desertification and is caused by different reasons including human activities. The Sahara is growing larger and larger each year. What should we do with it?
(
A. It's hot during the day but cold during the night.
B. It's cold during the day but hot during the night.
C. It's hot both during the day and during the night.
D. It's cold both during the day and during the night.
(
A. Other animals keep water that they can use later.
B. Some animals try to eat more than before.
C. People try to find some special animals.
D. There are many different useful animals.
(
A. The weather in deserts.
B. The animals in deserts.
C. The plants in deserts.
D. Large deserts in the world.
(
A. The world's land resources.
B. Human activities.
C. Different reasons.
D. Deserts.
There is little rain in deserts. Because deserts are so dry, they have no “quilt” to help stop the soil from going away. As a result, they may get very hot during the day with the sun shining, but don't hold the heat overnight. Many deserts can quickly get cold once the sun goes down. Some deserts can reach temperatures of over 100 degrees F during the day and then drop below freezing(32 degrees F)during the night.
The largest hot and dry desert in the world is the Sahara in Northern Africa. The Sahara is a sandy desert with great sand hills. It covers over 3 million square miles of Africa. Other large deserts include the Arabian Desert, the Gobi Desert, and the Kalahari Desert.
Animals that live in the desert are also used to needing little water. Many get all the water they need from the food they eat. ▲ The camel stores up fat in its hump while other animals keep something they need in their tails.
Only certain types of plants can live in the terrible environment of the desert. You won't see a lot of tall trees in the desert. Most plants have a way to keep water in their leaves or trunks, so they can live a long time without water.
Now deserts cover around 20% of the world's land, but they are growing. This is called desertification and is caused by different reasons including human activities. The Sahara is growing larger and larger each year. What should we do with it?
(
A
)1. How is the weather in deserts?A. It's hot during the day but cold during the night.
B. It's cold during the day but hot during the night.
C. It's hot both during the day and during the night.
D. It's cold both during the day and during the night.
(
A
)2. Which of the following sentences can be put into “▲”?A. Other animals keep water that they can use later.
B. Some animals try to eat more than before.
C. People try to find some special animals.
D. There are many different useful animals.
(
C
)3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A. The weather in deserts.
B. The animals in deserts.
C. The plants in deserts.
D. Large deserts in the world.
(
D
)4. What does the underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refer to?A. The world's land resources.
B. Human activities.
C. Different reasons.
D. Deserts.
答案
1—4 AACD
解析
【翻译】
1. 第1题：根据第一段“As a result, they may get very hot during the day with the sun shining, but don't hold the heat overnight. Many deserts can quickly get cold once the sun goes down.”可知沙漠白天炎热，夜晚寒冷，故选A。
2. 第2题：空格前提到沙漠动物需水量少，很多从食物中获取水分；空格后举例骆驼和其他动物储存所需物质的方式。A选项“Other animals keep water that they can use later.”承接上下文，符合语境，故选A。
3. 第3题：第四段开篇指出只有特定种类的植物能在沙漠环境生存，后续内容围绕沙漠植物的特点展开，因此该段主要介绍沙漠里的植物，故选C。
4. 第4题：根据最后一段“Now deserts cover around 20% of the world's land, but they are growing.”可知，“they”指代前文提到的“deserts”，故选D。
【答案】
1—4 AACD
【知识点】
阅读理解细节题、指代关系判断、段落主旨归纳
【点评】
本文围绕沙漠的气候特征、主要分布、动植物生存方式及沙漠化现象展开，题目涵盖细节理解、语境衔接、主旨概括和指代判断等题型，考查学生提取文本信息与逻辑分析的能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
沙漠里很少下雨。因为沙漠非常干燥，它们没有“被子”来阻止土壤的流失。因此，它们可能会在白天的阳光下变得非常热，但不要在晚上保持热量。一旦太阳落山，许多沙漠很快就会变冷。一些沙漠的温度在白天可以达到华氏100度以上，然后在夜间降到冰点以下（华氏32度）。
世界上最大的干热沙漠是北非的撒哈拉沙漠。撒哈拉沙漠是一个多沙的沙漠，有巨大的沙丘。它覆盖了超过300万平方英里的非洲。其他大沙漠包括阿拉伯沙漠、戈壁沙漠和喀拉哈里沙漠。
生活在沙漠中的动物也习惯了很少需要水。许多动物从它们所吃的食物中获得所需的水分。骆驼把脂肪储存在驼峰里，而其他动物把需要的东西储存在尾巴里。
只有某些种类的植物能在沙漠这种恶劣的环境中生存。在沙漠中你不会看到很多高大的树木。大多数植物都有办法将水分保持在叶子或树干中，所以它们可以在没有水的情况下存活很长时间。
现在，沙漠覆盖了世界上大约20%的土地，但它们还在增长。这被称为沙漠化，是由包括人类活动在内的各种原因造成的。撒哈拉沙漠每年都在变得越来越大。我们该怎么办呢？
【解析】1. 第1题：根据第一段“As a result, they may get very hot during the day with the sun shining, but don't hold the heat overnight. Many deserts can quickly get cold once the sun goes down.”可知沙漠白天炎热，夜晚寒冷，故选A。
2. 第2题：空格前提到沙漠动物需水量少，很多从食物中获取水分；空格后举例骆驼和其他动物储存所需物质的方式。A选项“Other animals keep water that they can use later.”承接上下文，符合语境，故选A。
3. 第3题：第四段开篇指出只有特定种类的植物能在沙漠环境生存，后续内容围绕沙漠植物的特点展开，因此该段主要介绍沙漠里的植物，故选C。
4. 第4题：根据最后一段“Now deserts cover around 20% of the world's land, but they are growing.”可知，“they”指代前文提到的“deserts”，故选D。
【答案】
1—4 AACD
【知识点】
阅读理解细节题、指代关系判断、段落主旨归纳
【点评】
本文围绕沙漠的气候特征、主要分布、动植物生存方式及沙漠化现象展开，题目涵盖细节理解、语境衔接、主旨概括和指代判断等题型，考查学生提取文本信息与逻辑分析的能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
猜出画波浪线单词的词性和中文意思，并收入自己的小词典。
1. soil
2. desertification
1. soil
n. 土壤
2. desertification
n. 沙漠化
答案
1. n. 土壤 2. n. 沙漠化
解析
【解析】
1. soil：词性为名词，中文意思是土壤；
2. desertification：词性为名词，中文意思是沙漠化。
【答案】
1. n. 土壤 2. n. 沙漠化
【知识点】
名词词性判断、环保类词汇识记
【点评】
这两个词汇均属于环保主题相关词汇，soil是基础常用名词，desertification是派生类名词，掌握它们有助于拓展英语词汇量，提升对环保类英文内容的理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. soil：词性为名词，中文意思是土壤；
2. desertification：词性为名词，中文意思是沙漠化。
【答案】
1. n. 土壤 2. n. 沙漠化
【知识点】
名词词性判断、环保类词汇识记
【点评】
这两个词汇均属于环保主题相关词汇，soil是基础常用名词，desertification是派生类名词，掌握它们有助于拓展英语词汇量，提升对环保类英文内容的理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
