一、根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)
1. The beautiful (瀑布)in the mountain park flows down from high rocks, making a loud and clear sound.
2. Ancient Egyptian (文明)left us many amazing pyramids and interesting stories about pharaohs.
3. The (发展)of online learning has let students study different courses even when they are at home.
4. Few plants can grow in the hot, dry (沙漠), but some special cacti(仙人掌)can live there for a long time.

一、1. waterfall 2. civilization 3. development 4. desert

【解析】
1. 根据汉语提示“瀑布”及句子语境，此处填单数名词waterfall。
2. 根据汉语提示“文明”，此处填名词civilization。
3. 根据汉语提示“发展”，结合定冠词the，此处填名词development。
4. 根据汉语提示“沙漠”及句子语境，此处填单数名词desert。
【答案】
1. waterfall 2. civilization 3. development 4. desert
【知识点】
名词拼写、汉译英、语境填词
【点评】
本题考查常见英语名词的拼写及语境运用，要求学生具备基础汉译英能力，需注重日常基础词汇的积累与掌握。
【难度系数】
0.8

二、将方框中所给词语的适当形式填入句中，每词仅用一次
measure, desert, develop, by the way, at all costs
1. We need to good reading habits to learn English better and faster.
2. , did you remember to bring the books we need for the class?
3. We need to the depth of this well to see if it has enough water.
4. He decided to win the game .
5. They were lost in the for nine days.

二、1. develop 2. By the way 3. measure 4. at all costs 5. desert

【解析】
1. 句意：我们需要培养良好的阅读习惯来更好更快地学习英语。need to后接动词原形，develop有“培养、养成”之意，符合语境，故填develop。
2. 句意：顺便问一下，你记得带我们上课需要的书了吗？By the way是固定插入语，意为“顺便问一下”，句首首字母大写，故填By the way。
3. 句意：我们需要测量这口井的深度，看看它是否有足够的水。need to后接动词原形，measure意为“测量”，符合语境，故填measure。
4. 句意：他决定不惜一切代价赢得比赛。at all costs是固定短语，意为“不惜任何代价，无论如何”，符合语境，故填at all costs。
5. 句意：他们在沙漠里迷路了九天。desert作为名词意为“沙漠”，符合语境，故填desert。
【答案】
1. develop 2. By the way 3. measure 4. at all costs 5. desert
【知识点】
固定短语运用、动词词义辨析、名词词义辨析
【点评】
本题考查动词、名词及固定短语在语境中的灵活运用，需结合句意准确判断词义与形式，侧重对基础词汇和短语搭配的考查，有助于提升学生的语境理解能力和词汇运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.8

三、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The (develop)of technology has made it easier for people to keep in touch with each other online.
2. My home is the (far)from school in our class, so I have to get up very early every morning.
3. Ancient Greek (civil)gave us many great ideas about art, science and government.
4. The blue whale is the (large)known living animal on earth.
5. Our teacher often tells us the (important)of reading, as it can open up a whole new world for us.

三、1. development 2. farthest 3. civilization 4. largest 5. importance

【解析】
1. 定冠词the后需接名词，develop的名词形式为development，the development of...为固定表达，意为“……的发展”。
2. 根据“in our class”这一范围，需用形容词最高级，far的最高级形式为farthest，表示“最远的”。
3. Ancient Greek后需接名词，civil的名词形式为civilization，指“文明”。
4. 根据“on earth”这一范围，需用形容词最高级，large的最高级形式为largest，表示“最大的”。
5. 定冠词the后需接名词，important的名词形式为importance，the importance of...为固定表达，意为“……的重要性”。
【答案】
1. development 2. farthest 3. civilization 4. largest 5. importance
【知识点】
名词形式转换、形容词最高级、固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题主要考查词性转换和形容词最高级的用法，要求掌握常见单词的词性变化规则，结合语境判断所需的语法形式，注重固定短语的积累。
【难度系数】
0.7

四、阅读下面短文，根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)
Last summer, a group of students visited an 1. (不寻常)waterfall in the southern desert. They felt amazed as soon as they saw it—the water fell from a great height, crashing into the river below.
The waterfall covers a large area, with a 2. (测量)of 5 square kilometres. Its 3. (表面)shimmers(闪烁)under the sun, and the 4. (深度)of the pool at the 5. (底部)reaches 20 metres. “Let’s 6. (调查)its history,” said Mia, taking out her notebook.
They walked along the path bit by bit. From the top, they could see vessels sailing on the river far 7. (在……下面). Later, they 8. (了解)about the ancient civilization that once existed here. People got freshwater from the waterfall. Now, with 9. (发展), it’s a popular spot for travellers.
The waterfall left them with curious hearts, eager to explore more 10. (奇观)of the world.

四、1. unusual 2. measurement 3. surface 4. depth 5. bottom 6. research 7. below 8. learned 9. development 10. wonders

【解析】
本题需结合语境和语法要求，根据汉语提示填写正确形式的单词：
1. 修饰名词waterfall，用形容词unusual；
2. 不定冠词a后接名词，填measurement；
3. 根据语境及汉语提示，填名词surface；
4. 定冠词the后接名词，填depth；
5. 固定搭配at the bottom，填bottom；
6. Let’s后接动词原形，填research；
7. 根据汉语提示及语境，填副词below；
8. 文章为一般过去时，填动词过去式learned；
9. 介词with后接名词，填development；
10. more后接可数名词复数，填wonders。
【答案】
1. unusual 2. measurement 3. surface 4. depth 5. bottom 6. research 7. below 8. learned 9. development 10. wonders
【知识点】
形容词修饰名词、词性转换运用、一般过去时
【点评】
本题考查英语词汇在语境中的综合运用，涉及多种词性及语法规则，既考查学生的词汇积累，也要求学生能结合上下文语境和语法知识确定单词的正确形式。
【难度系数】
0.6