harmful作形容词，意为“有害的”。常用搭配：be harmful to sb./sth.（例：Smoking is harmful to our health.）
拓展 harm v./n.意为“伤害；损害”。常用搭配：harm sb./sth.=do harm to sb./sth.
　　　　　　　　　

afford基本含义意为“承担得起（后果）；买得起”，一般用于疑问句和否定句中。常用搭配：afford sth./afford to do sth.（例：We can’t afford a car./We can’t afford to buy a car.）
其他含义意为“提供；给予”。常用搭配：afford sb.sth./afford sth. to sb.（例：The program affords young people the chance to gain work experience.）
　　　　　

off词组
turn off 关掉（电流、煤气、水等）；不再听（例：Should I leave the TV on or turn it off?）
put off 推迟；延迟（例：We have to put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.）
take off 起飞；匆匆离去；突然大受欢迎；脱下（衣服）；休假；取消；剪掉（头发）（例：Our business is really starting to take off.）
knock off 停止某事；（尤指）下班；迅速而轻松地完成；偷（东西）；抢劫（某处）（例：He knocked off ten paintings in four days.）
show off 炫耀；衬托（例：He drove around town,showing off his new car.）
give off 发出；放出（气味、热、光等）（例：The rubbish gave off an unpleasant smell.）
　　　　　　　

stay away 不接近；离开
go away 离开；走开
get away 脱身；（得以）离开
move away 搬走
give away 赠送
run away 逃离；突然离开
throw away 扔掉；抛弃
take away 带走
put away 把……放回原处；将……收好

Ⅰ. 选择填空。
(　　)1. —I think television is one of the most useful inventions in the 20th century.
—You said it. It ______ pleasure to many people at that time.
A. provided
B. covered
C. supposed
D. afforded

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(　　)2. —Is there any night flight to the small city?
—Sorry. The service was ______ at the end of last month.
A. turned up
B. taken off
C. turned off
D. taken up

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(　　)3. —Mom, you bought so many apples. How should I ______ them ______?
—Just put them in the fridge, dear.
A. get; away
B. put; away
C. give; away
D. take; away

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