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Ⅲ. Read and complete the tasks.
From grasses to trees, plants come in all colours, shapes and sizes. There are about 436,700 species of plants in the world. Let's enter the world of plants and learn more about them.
How do plants make food?
Like all living things, plants need food to live. They make food for themselves by photosynthesis. This happens in leaves. To make food, plants need sunlight, CO₂ and H₂O. They use the energy from the sun to turn these things into O₂ and sugars.
What don't we really know about plants?
● Helping each other
Plants can also help each other and even communicate. In deserts, the roots of Euphrates poplar (胡杨) are connected. If one tree finds water, it will share the water with others through the roots.
● Ways of protecting itself
Each kind of plant has its own ways to protect itself. Some flowers give off a bad smell. Some even have structures like teeth. For example, when you touch a sensitive plant (含羞草), it closes its leaves. Scientists believe this helps the plant defend against enemies. The sudden movement of its leaves can scare enemies away.
Why are plants important to us?
● Air
Plants can provide us with clean air. They take in CO₂ and make O₂ that humans and animals need. They make a big part of the O₂ we breathe.
● Water
Plants help to clean water and reduce flooding. An adult tree can hold tens of thousands of litres of water per year, reducing the risk of floods.
● Food
About 150 plant species provide most of the world's food. And 12 of these species provide 75% of the world's food.
A.Complete the notes.
Notes
There are about 436,700 species of plants in the world.
Photosynthesis happens in 1.
Plants help each other. If a tree finds water, it will 2.
Each plant has its own ways to protect itself. For example, the sensitive plant 3.
Plants can help us in 4.
B.Answer the question.
What can we learn from the numbers in the last paragraph?
From grasses to trees, plants come in all colours, shapes and sizes. There are about 436,700 species of plants in the world. Let's enter the world of plants and learn more about them.
How do plants make food?
Like all living things, plants need food to live. They make food for themselves by photosynthesis. This happens in leaves. To make food, plants need sunlight, CO₂ and H₂O. They use the energy from the sun to turn these things into O₂ and sugars.
What don't we really know about plants?
● Helping each other
Plants can also help each other and even communicate. In deserts, the roots of Euphrates poplar (胡杨) are connected. If one tree finds water, it will share the water with others through the roots.
● Ways of protecting itself
Each kind of plant has its own ways to protect itself. Some flowers give off a bad smell. Some even have structures like teeth. For example, when you touch a sensitive plant (含羞草), it closes its leaves. Scientists believe this helps the plant defend against enemies. The sudden movement of its leaves can scare enemies away.
Why are plants important to us?
● Air
Plants can provide us with clean air. They take in CO₂ and make O₂ that humans and animals need. They make a big part of the O₂ we breathe.
● Water
Plants help to clean water and reduce flooding. An adult tree can hold tens of thousands of litres of water per year, reducing the risk of floods.
● Food
About 150 plant species provide most of the world's food. And 12 of these species provide 75% of the world's food.
A.Complete the notes.
Notes
There are about 436,700 species of plants in the world.
Photosynthesis happens in 1.
leaves
and it is important for plants.Plants help each other. If a tree finds water, it will 2.
share
it with others.Each plant has its own ways to protect itself. For example, the sensitive plant 3.
closes
its leaves.Plants can help us in 4.
four/4/different
ways. They give us clean air and food. They also help clean the water and reduce flooding.B.Answer the question.
What can we learn from the numbers in the last paragraph?
One possible version: From these numbers, we can learn that although many plants can be eaten, most of our food actually comes from just a few types. This shows how important these plants are.
答案
A.1.leaves 2.share 3.closes 4.four/4/different
B.One possible version: From these numbers, we can learn that although many plants can be eaten, most of our food actually comes from just a few types. This shows how important these plants are.
B.One possible version: From these numbers, we can learn that although many plants can be eaten, most of our food actually comes from just a few types. This shows how important these plants are.
解析
【分析】
对于A部分的填空题，我们需要先带着问题到原文中定位对应的内容，找到关键语句后提取答案：
1. 找Photosynthesis发生的位置，定位到“How do plants make food?”部分的“This happens in leaves.”，即可得出答案；
2. 关于植物分享水分的内容，定位到“What don't we really know about plants?”下的“Helping each other”板块，找到“If one tree finds water, it will share the water with others through the roots.”提取关键词；
3. 含羞草的自我保护方式，定位到“Ways of protecting itself”板块的“when you touch a sensitive plant (含羞草), it closes its leaves.”，提取动词；
4. 植物帮助人类的方式，结合“Why are plants important to us?”部分的内容，梳理出提供清洁空气、提供食物、净化水、减少洪水这四种方式，从而确定答案。
对于B部分的问答题，需要分析最后段落的数字：“About 150 plant species provide most of the world's food. And 12 of these species provide 75% of the world's food.”，归纳数字背后体现的结论，即我们的食物大多依赖少数植物种类，这些植物十分重要。
【解析】
A.
1. 根据原文“How do plants make food?”部分的“They make food for themselves by photosynthesis. This happens in leaves.”，可知光合作用发生在叶子里，故填leaves。
2. 根据原文“What don't we really know about plants?”下“Helping each other”板块的“If one tree finds water, it will share the water with others through the roots.”，可知树找到水后会和其他树分享，故填share。
3. 根据原文“Ways of protecting itself”板块的“when you touch a sensitive plant (含羞草), it closes its leaves.”，可知含羞草会闭合叶子，故填closes。
4. 根据“Why are plants important to us?”部分的内容，植物帮助人类的方式有：提供清洁空气、提供食物、净化水、减少洪水，共四种不同的方式，故填four/4/different。
B.
分析最后一段的数字：约150种植物提供世界大部分食物，其中仅12种就提供了75%的食物，由此可以归纳出：虽然可食用的植物有很多，但我们的大部分食物其实仅来自少数种类的植物，这也体现出这些植物的重要性。
【答案】
A.1.leaves 2.share 3.closes 4.four/4/different
B.One possible version: From these numbers, we can learn that although many plants can be eaten, most of our food actually comes from just a few types. This shows how important these plants are.
【知识点】
阅读理解信息提取、植物科普认知、英语书面表达
【点评】
本题结合植物科普知识考查英语阅读理解能力，既要求学生精准提取文本关键信息完成填空，又需要学生对文本内容进行归纳总结完成问答，在提升英语阅读能力的同时，也能让学生了解植物的相关知识，兼具知识性与实用性。
【难度系数】
0.7
对于A部分的填空题，我们需要先带着问题到原文中定位对应的内容，找到关键语句后提取答案：
1. 找Photosynthesis发生的位置，定位到“How do plants make food?”部分的“This happens in leaves.”，即可得出答案；
2. 关于植物分享水分的内容，定位到“What don't we really know about plants?”下的“Helping each other”板块，找到“If one tree finds water, it will share the water with others through the roots.”提取关键词；
3. 含羞草的自我保护方式，定位到“Ways of protecting itself”板块的“when you touch a sensitive plant (含羞草), it closes its leaves.”，提取动词；
4. 植物帮助人类的方式，结合“Why are plants important to us?”部分的内容，梳理出提供清洁空气、提供食物、净化水、减少洪水这四种方式，从而确定答案。
对于B部分的问答题，需要分析最后段落的数字：“About 150 plant species provide most of the world's food. And 12 of these species provide 75% of the world's food.”，归纳数字背后体现的结论，即我们的食物大多依赖少数植物种类，这些植物十分重要。
【解析】
A.
1. 根据原文“How do plants make food?”部分的“They make food for themselves by photosynthesis. This happens in leaves.”，可知光合作用发生在叶子里，故填leaves。
2. 根据原文“What don't we really know about plants?”下“Helping each other”板块的“If one tree finds water, it will share the water with others through the roots.”，可知树找到水后会和其他树分享，故填share。
3. 根据原文“Ways of protecting itself”板块的“when you touch a sensitive plant (含羞草), it closes its leaves.”，可知含羞草会闭合叶子，故填closes。
4. 根据“Why are plants important to us?”部分的内容，植物帮助人类的方式有：提供清洁空气、提供食物、净化水、减少洪水，共四种不同的方式，故填four/4/different。
B.
分析最后一段的数字：约150种植物提供世界大部分食物，其中仅12种就提供了75%的食物，由此可以归纳出：虽然可食用的植物有很多，但我们的大部分食物其实仅来自少数种类的植物，这也体现出这些植物的重要性。
【答案】
A.1.leaves 2.share 3.closes 4.four/4/different
B.One possible version: From these numbers, we can learn that although many plants can be eaten, most of our food actually comes from just a few types. This shows how important these plants are.
【知识点】
阅读理解信息提取、植物科普认知、英语书面表达
【点评】
本题结合植物科普知识考查英语阅读理解能力，既要求学生精准提取文本关键信息完成填空，又需要学生对文本内容进行归纳总结完成问答，在提升英语阅读能力的同时，也能让学生了解植物的相关知识，兼具知识性与实用性。
【难度系数】
0.7
