六、阅读理解。
When plastic was first made around 1870, people thought it was amazing and called it an “environmental hero”! It was light, long - lasting and cheap. It quickly replaced wood and other natural materials. Not surprisingly, plastic has now filled our lives too. We can find it in bags, toothbrushes, mobile phones, houses… It certainly has thousands of uses.
But slowly and silently, plastic has shown its dark side. Plastic waste has become a danger to sea animals. Some animals like whales eat it by mistake and die. The “hero” of the past now kills over 100,000 sea animals each year. By 2050, there could be even more plastic in the sea than fish.
Plastic also causes problems on land. Birds' wings get tied in plastic lines. Bears' heads get stuck in plastic bins. Even humans are eating plastic waste! On average(平均来看), we eat five grams of plastic a week. That's a whole bank card! Tiny pieces of plastic are found in the air. There is even plastic “snow” at the South and North Poles(南北极). On “Earth Plastic”, nowhere is safe from plastic.
Moreover, getting free of plastic waste isn't easy. It may take thousands of years to break down. So hiding the waste in the ground doesn't help. Burning it also produces thick smoke and causes air pollution.
Plastic is not just causing an environmental problem. It means life and death for humans and for the future of the Earth. Everyone knows there is only one Earth. So let's live without plastic!
()1. What did people think of plastic when it first appeared?
A. It was a great material.
B. It was bad for the environment.
C. It was too heavy to use.
D. It could be used for a short time.
()2. What is the main idea of Paragraphs 2 - 3?
A. Sea animals can't avoid eating plastic.
B. There will be less plastic in the sea.
C. Bears often look for food in plastic bins.
D. Plastic waste harms the environment.
()3. Why is it hard to get free of plastic waste?
A. It takes a long time to break down.
B. Hiding the waste needs much space.
C. It costs the government too much money.
D. Burning plastic causes water pollution.
()4. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce different uses of plastic.
B. To ask people to stop using plastic.
C. To explain why we need another Earth.
D. To show plastic makes our life easier.

1.A 2.D 3.A 4.B

【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，首先可以先快速通读全文，梳理文章脉络：文章先介绍塑料刚发明时人们对它的正面评价，再从海洋、陆地两个维度介绍塑料带来的环境危害，接着说明塑料垃圾难以处理的原因，最后发出环保呼吁。之后我们可以逐个对应题干，划出每个题目的关键词，返回原文定位对应内容，细节题直接比对选项和原文表述，主旨类题目排除只覆盖局部细节的片面选项，就能选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位原文第一段第一句"When plastic was first made around 1870, people thought it was amazing and called it an “environmental hero”! It was light, long - lasting and cheap."，可知塑料刚出现时人们认为它是很棒的材料。选项B是塑料后来展现的负面影响，选项C和原文提到的塑料“很轻”矛盾，选项D和原文提到的塑料“持久耐用”矛盾，因此选A。
2. 段落主旨题：第2段介绍塑料垃圾对海洋动物的危害，第3段介绍塑料垃圾对陆地生物、人类甚至南北极区域的污染，两段共同围绕“塑料垃圾危害环境”展开。选项A、C都只是段落中的局部细节，不能概括两段核心内容，选项B和原文“到2050年海洋里塑料总量可能超过鱼类”的表述完全相反，因此选D。
3. 细节理解题：定位原文第四段前两句"Moreover, getting free of plastic waste isn't easy. It may take thousands of years to break down."，可知塑料垃圾难以清除的核心原因是它需要极长的时间才能降解。选项B的“填埋需要大量空间”、选项C的“耗费政府大量资金”原文均未提及，选项D和原文“焚烧塑料会产生浓烟造成空气污染”的表述矛盾，因此选A。
4. 主旨意图题：文章先铺垫塑料的过往优势，重点介绍塑料带来的严峻生存危机，最后一段直接发出呼吁"So let's live without plastic!"，可知全文的写作目的是号召人们停止使用塑料。选项A、D都只覆盖了文章开头的局部内容，不是核心写作目的，选项C“需要另一个地球”属于无中生有，因此选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.A 4.B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，段落主旨归纳，说明文主旨判断
【点评】
这是一篇和环保主题相关的初中英语阅读题，整体考点设置常规，大部分细节题都可以通过原文直接定位得到答案，仅需要学生注意区分局部细节和整体主旨，不要把单句的小信息误当成段落/全文的核心内容，同时注意审题时匹配题干的提问限定，比如第一题的限定是“塑料刚出现时”，不要和后文人们对塑料的负面评价混淆。
【难度系数】
0.8