2025年通城学典课时作业本八年级数学上册苏科版苏州专版第69页答案
7. (2024·苏州工业园区期中改编)勾股定理在我国古算书《周髀算经》中早有记载.如图①,以直角三角形的各边为边分别向外作正方形,再把较小的两个正方形按如图②所示的方式放置在最大的正方形内.若知道图②中涂色部分的面积,则一定能求出 (
C
)

A.直角三角形的面积
B.最大的正方形的面积
C.图②中较小的两个正方形重叠部分的面积
D.最大的正方形与直角三角形的面积之和

答案

7. C 解析:设直角三角形的斜边长为$c$,较长直角边长为$b$,较短直角边长为$a$. 由勾股定理,得$c^2 = a^2 + b^2$,$\therefore$题图②中涂色部分的面积为$c^2 - b^2 - a(c - b) = a^2 - ac + ab = a(a + b - c)$. $\because$题图②中较小的两个正方形重叠部分的长为$a$,宽为$a - (c - b) = a + b - c$,$\therefore$题图②中较小的两个正方形重叠部分的面积为$a(a + b - c)$.
8. (2024·浙江)如图,正方形ABCD由四个全等的直角三角形(△ABE,△BCF,△CDG,△DAH)和中间一个小正方形EFGH组成,连接DE.若AE=4,BE=3,则DE的长为
$\sqrt{17}$
.

答案

8. $\sqrt{17}$ 解析:$\because$Rt$\triangle DAH \cong$ Rt$\triangle ABE$,$\therefore DH = AE = 4$,$AH = BE = 3$,$\therefore EH = AE - AH = 4 - 3 = 1$. $\because$四边形$EFGH$是正方形,$\therefore \angle DHE = 90°$,$\therefore DE^2 = DH^2 + EH^2$,$\therefore DE = \sqrt{17}$.

解析

证明:
$\because$ 正方形 $ABCD$ 由四个全等的直角三角形组成,
$\therefore Rt\triangle DAH \cong Rt\triangle ABE$,
$\therefore DH = AE = 4$,$AH = BE = 3$,
$\therefore EH = AE - AH = 4 - 3 = 1$,
$\because$ 四边形 $EFGH$ 是正方形,
$\therefore \angle DHE = 90°$,
在 $Rt\triangle DHE$ 中,由勾股定理得:
$DE^2 = DH^2 + EH^2 = 4^2 + 1^2 = 17$,
$\therefore DE = \sqrt{17}$.
$\sqrt{17}$
9. 如图,CD是Rt△ABC的斜边AB上的高,教材第100页例3通过勾股定理与完全平方公式证明出了结论:$CD^{2}=AD\cdot DB$.请你利用上述结论与学过的数学知识,求证:
(1) $AC^{2}=AD\cdot AB$;
(2) $BC^{2}=DB\cdot AB$.

答案

9.
(1) $\because CD$是$AB$边上的高,$\therefore$在Rt$\triangle ADC$中,$AC^2 = CD^2 + AD^2$. $\because CD^2 = AD \cdot DB$,$\therefore AC^2 = AD \cdot DB + AD^2 = AD \cdot (DB + AD)$. $\because AB = DB + AD$,$\therefore AC^2 = AD \cdot AB$
(2) $\because CD$是$AB$边上的高,$\therefore$在Rt$\triangle BDC$中,$BC^2 = CD^2 + DB^2$. $\because CD^2 = AD \cdot DB$,$\therefore BC^2 = AD \cdot DB + DB^2 = DB \cdot (AD + DB)$. $\because AB = AD + DB$,$\therefore BC^2 = DB \cdot AB$
10. (2024·陕西)如图,在△ABC中,AB=AC,E是边AB上一点,连接CE,在BC的右侧作BF//AC,且BF=AE,连接CF.若AC=13,BC=10,求四边形EBFC的面积.

答案


10. 如图,过点$A$作$AH \perp BC$,垂足为$H$,过点$C$分别作$CM \perp AB$,$CN \perp BF$,垂足分别为$M$,$N$. $\because AB = AC$,$AH \perp BC$,$\therefore CH = \frac{1}{2}BC = 5$,$\therefore$在Rt$\triangle AHC$中,$AH^2 = AC^2 - CH^2$,$\therefore AH = 12$,$\therefore S_{\triangle ABC} = \frac{1}{2}BC \cdot AH = \frac{1}{2} × 10 × 12 = 60$. $\because AB = AC$,$\therefore \angle ABC = \angle ACB$. $\because BF // AC$,$\therefore \angle ACB = \angle CBF$,$\therefore \angle ABC = \angle CBF$. $\because CM \perp AB$,$CN \perp BF$,$\therefore CM = CN$. $\because S_{\triangle ACE} = \frac{1}{2}AE \cdot CM$,$S_{\triangle CBF} = \frac{1}{2}BF \cdot CN$,$AE = BF$,$\therefore S_{\triangle ACE} = S_{\triangle CBF}$,$\therefore S_{四边形EBFC} = S_{\triangle CBF} + S_{\triangle CBE} = S_{\triangle ACE} + S_{\triangle CBE} = S_{\triangle ABC} = 60$
   第10题