登录
五、阅读表达(每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)
阅读短文，回答下面 5 个问题。(每题答案不超过 10 个词)
In many countries of the world people are saying，“We must do something about our rubbish. We don't want our world to become one big landfill site(垃圾填埋场).”
In Ireland，the government was very worried about plastic bags，so it decided to make people pay for them. Since 2002，Irish people have been paying for the bags they take home from the shops. Of course，they soon stopped buying new bags and started taking bags with them when shopping.
Some countries have made even bigger changes. In 2006，the people of Zanzibar decided to stop making plastic bags. They were worried the bags were killing fish and sea animals. They also said nobody could bring plastic bags into the country. Soon there were no plastic bags in the country.
One of the most exciting recycling ideas is Freecycle. It has grown around the world. People join a Freecycle group because they are looking for things or have things that they want to give to other people. Perhaps they have a chair they do not need any more，or they want a camera. They leave a message on the Internet to tell people what they want or what they are going to give. Nobody buys or sells anything—people give things to other people who want them. It is a good idea because it recycles useful things.
Recycling is important and sometimes it is exciting too，but it is only one part of the answer. Using less and reusing are also important answers to the problem of rubbish.
56. What did the Ireland government ask people to do?
57. Why are there no plastic bags in Zanzibar?
58. Why is Freecycle a good idea?
59. What are the important answers to the problem of rubbish?
60. What's your attitude(态度)towards the problem of rubbish?
阅读短文，回答下面 5 个问题。(每题答案不超过 10 个词)
In many countries of the world people are saying，“We must do something about our rubbish. We don't want our world to become one big landfill site(垃圾填埋场).”
In Ireland，the government was very worried about plastic bags，so it decided to make people pay for them. Since 2002，Irish people have been paying for the bags they take home from the shops. Of course，they soon stopped buying new bags and started taking bags with them when shopping.
Some countries have made even bigger changes. In 2006，the people of Zanzibar decided to stop making plastic bags. They were worried the bags were killing fish and sea animals. They also said nobody could bring plastic bags into the country. Soon there were no plastic bags in the country.
One of the most exciting recycling ideas is Freecycle. It has grown around the world. People join a Freecycle group because they are looking for things or have things that they want to give to other people. Perhaps they have a chair they do not need any more，or they want a camera. They leave a message on the Internet to tell people what they want or what they are going to give. Nobody buys or sells anything—people give things to other people who want them. It is a good idea because it recycles useful things.
Recycling is important and sometimes it is exciting too，but it is only one part of the answer. Using less and reusing are also important answers to the problem of rubbish.
56. What did the Ireland government ask people to do?
57. Why are there no plastic bags in Zanzibar?
58. Why is Freecycle a good idea?
59. What are the important answers to the problem of rubbish?
60. What's your attitude(态度)towards the problem of rubbish?
答案
56. It asked them to pay for plastic bags.
57. Because people there can't buy any plastic bags/stop making plastic bags.
58. Because it recycles useful things.
59. Recycling, using less and reusing.
60. I think rubbish is harmful to the environment.（答案不唯一）
57. Because people there can't buy any plastic bags/stop making plastic bags.
58. Because it recycles useful things.
59. Recycling, using less and reusing.
60. I think rubbish is harmful to the environment.（答案不唯一）
解析
【分析】
这是环保主题的阅读简答题，解题时首先明确题干要求所有答案不超过10个词，再带着每道题的问题回原文精准定位对应段落：1. 找爱尔兰政府相关的第二段内容，提取政策核心；2. 定位桑给巴尔的第三段内容，提炼当地无塑料袋的原因；3. 找到Freecycle对应的第四段末尾，摘取给出的优势原因；4. 定位最后一段，汇总垃圾问题的解决方向；5. 最后开放题围绕环保正向表达态度即可，全程控制答案字数符合要求。
【解析】
56. 定位原文第二段首句可知，爱尔兰政府要求人们为塑料袋付费，提炼出符合字数要求的答案即可。
57. 定位原文第三段可知，桑给巴尔当地停止生产塑料袋，也禁止外来塑料袋入境，因此当地没有塑料袋，提炼核心原因即可。
58. 定位原文第四段末尾，直接给出了Freecycle是好主意的原因，可直接提取原句核心内容。
59. 定位原文最后一段，直接点明了垃圾问题的三个重要解决方向，汇总即可。
60. 本题为开放性试题，只要围绕垃圾治理、环保的正向态度表述，符合字数要求即可，答案不唯一。
【答案】
56. It asked them to pay for plastic bags.
57. Because people there stop making plastic bags.
58. Because it recycles useful things.
59. Recycling, using less and reusing.
60. I think rubbish is harmful to the environment.（答案不唯一）
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，英语简答规范，环保主题语篇
【点评】
本题整体难度偏低，绝大多数题目都能在原文直接找到对应信息点，重点考察学生快速抓取语篇关键信息的能力，最后一道开放题也引导学生建立正确的环保观念，解题时需要特别注意题干要求的答案不超过10词的限制，避免因超字数失分。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是环保主题的阅读简答题，解题时首先明确题干要求所有答案不超过10个词，再带着每道题的问题回原文精准定位对应段落：1. 找爱尔兰政府相关的第二段内容，提取政策核心；2. 定位桑给巴尔的第三段内容，提炼当地无塑料袋的原因；3. 找到Freecycle对应的第四段末尾，摘取给出的优势原因；4. 定位最后一段，汇总垃圾问题的解决方向；5. 最后开放题围绕环保正向表达态度即可，全程控制答案字数符合要求。
【解析】
56. 定位原文第二段首句可知，爱尔兰政府要求人们为塑料袋付费，提炼出符合字数要求的答案即可。
57. 定位原文第三段可知，桑给巴尔当地停止生产塑料袋，也禁止外来塑料袋入境，因此当地没有塑料袋，提炼核心原因即可。
58. 定位原文第四段末尾，直接给出了Freecycle是好主意的原因，可直接提取原句核心内容。
59. 定位原文最后一段，直接点明了垃圾问题的三个重要解决方向，汇总即可。
60. 本题为开放性试题，只要围绕垃圾治理、环保的正向态度表述，符合字数要求即可，答案不唯一。
【答案】
56. It asked them to pay for plastic bags.
57. Because people there stop making plastic bags.
58. Because it recycles useful things.
59. Recycling, using less and reusing.
60. I think rubbish is harmful to the environment.（答案不唯一）
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，英语简答规范，环保主题语篇
【点评】
本题整体难度偏低，绝大多数题目都能在原文直接找到对应信息点，重点考察学生快速抓取语篇关键信息的能力，最后一道开放题也引导学生建立正确的环保观念，解题时需要特别注意题干要求的答案不超过10词的限制，避免因超字数失分。
【难度系数】
0.8
六、缺词填空(每小题 1 分，满分 10 分)
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在短文下方的横线处填入适当的词使短文完整。(每空一词)
As we all know，too much trash(垃圾)is a big problem，and it does harm to our environment. A woman on Indonesia's Java Island has come up with a f 61 idea—lending books to children in exchange for trash.
Raden Roro Hendarti，nearly 50 years old，is a librarian in Muntang Village. She s 62 a “trash library” years ago，hoping to make children read more and make them realize the importance of environmental p 63. Each weekday，Raden puts all kinds of books on the back of her three-wheeler and r 64 to Muntang Village. There，children line up to exchange p 65 cups，bags and other trash for books from Raden's library. After she f 66 the exchange，Raden carries back all the trash.
In the library where Raden works，there are thousands of books. Every time she shows up，children run to her “trash library”. They all carry trash bags，and Raden's three-wheeler is q 67 filled with trash as the books fly out. Raden collects about 100 kg of trash each week. It is then sorted(分类)out and sent for r 68 or sale. She is happy that children spend less time on online games because of the books.
Raden plans to take the m 69 library service to neighbouring areas as well. She says，“We all should take care of our trash in order to f 70 climate change and save the Earth.”
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在短文下方的横线处填入适当的词使短文完整。(每空一词)
As we all know，too much trash(垃圾)is a big problem，and it does harm to our environment. A woman on Indonesia's Java Island has come up with a f 61 idea—lending books to children in exchange for trash.
Raden Roro Hendarti，nearly 50 years old，is a librarian in Muntang Village. She s 62 a “trash library” years ago，hoping to make children read more and make them realize the importance of environmental p 63. Each weekday，Raden puts all kinds of books on the back of her three-wheeler and r 64 to Muntang Village. There，children line up to exchange p 65 cups，bags and other trash for books from Raden's library. After she f 66 the exchange，Raden carries back all the trash.
In the library where Raden works，there are thousands of books. Every time she shows up，children run to her “trash library”. They all carry trash bags，and Raden's three-wheeler is q 67 filled with trash as the books fly out. Raden collects about 100 kg of trash each week. It is then sorted(分类)out and sent for r 68 or sale. She is happy that children spend less time on online games because of the books.
Raden plans to take the m 69 library service to neighbouring areas as well. She says，“We all should take care of our trash in order to f 70 climate change and save the Earth.”
61.
fantastic/fine
62.
started
63.
protection
64.
rides
65.
plastic
66.
finishes
67.
quickly
68.
recycling
69.
mobile
70.
fight
答案
61. fantastic/fine 62. started 63. protection 64. rides 65. plastic 66. finishes 67. quickly 68. recycling 69. mobile 70. fight
解析
【分析】
做这类首字母提示的缺词填空，首先要先通读全文，梳理清楚文章核心内容：本文讲述了印尼一位图书管理员推出“用垃圾换图书”的公益项目，既鼓励孩子多阅读，也向孩子传递环保理念的故事。接下来逐个空格结合三个维度推导：第一看空格前后的语义逻辑，第二看给出的首字母提示，第三判断空格所需的词性、对应的时态/主谓一致/非谓语等语法规则，同时结合固定搭配验证，就能准确推出答案。
【解析】
我们逐空推导验证：
61. 空格修饰名词idea，需要填入褒义形容词，这个“用借书换垃圾”的创意非常新奇出色，结合首字母f，可填fantastic（极好的）或者fine（不错的）。
62. 空格作谓语，时间状语是years ago（多年前），要用一般过去时，后文提到“垃圾图书馆”，说明是多年前创办/开办了这个图书馆，结合首字母s，填started。
63. 空格在形容词environmental之后，需要填入名词，语境是让孩子意识到环保的重要性，固定搭配environmental protection表示“环境保护”，首字母p，填protection。
64. 空格和前面的puts并列作谓语，主语是Raden，为第三人称单数，用一般现在时，前文提到她把书放在三轮车上，对应的动作是骑三轮车去村子，首字母r，填rides。
65. 空格修饰后面的cups、bags等垃圾，结合生活常识，塑料杯、塑料袋都是常见的生活垃圾，首字母p，填plastic。
66. 空格作时间状语从句的谓语，主语是she，第三人称单数用一般现在时，语境是她完成所有交换之后，就把所有垃圾运走，首字母f，填finishes。
67. 空格修饰动词filled，需要填入副词，语境里书很快就被换完，三轮车很快就装满了垃圾，首字母q，填quickly。
68. 空格在介词for之后，要填入动名词形式，垃圾分类之后会被送去回收或者售卖，首字母r，填recycling。
69. 前文提到这个图书馆是放在三轮车上流动到各个村子的，所以是移动图书馆服务，首字母m，填mobile。
70. 固定搭配fight climate change表示“对抗/应对气候变化”，in order to后面要接动词原形，首字母f，填fight。
【答案】
61. fantastic/fine
62. started
63. protection
64. rides
65. plastic
66. finishes
67. quickly
68. recycling
69. mobile
70. fight
【知识点】
首字母缺词填空，固定短语搭配，动词时态主谓一致
【点评】
本题属于记叙文类首字母填空，选材贴近当下环保公益的热点话题，内容生动易懂，既考查学生对全文上下文逻辑的梳理能力，也兼顾了词性判断、时态变形、固定搭配等基础语法知识点的考察，部分空格允许符合语义的正确备选答案，出题灵活度较高。
【难度系数】
0.6
做这类首字母提示的缺词填空，首先要先通读全文，梳理清楚文章核心内容：本文讲述了印尼一位图书管理员推出“用垃圾换图书”的公益项目，既鼓励孩子多阅读，也向孩子传递环保理念的故事。接下来逐个空格结合三个维度推导：第一看空格前后的语义逻辑，第二看给出的首字母提示，第三判断空格所需的词性、对应的时态/主谓一致/非谓语等语法规则，同时结合固定搭配验证，就能准确推出答案。
【解析】
我们逐空推导验证：
61. 空格修饰名词idea，需要填入褒义形容词，这个“用借书换垃圾”的创意非常新奇出色，结合首字母f，可填fantastic（极好的）或者fine（不错的）。
62. 空格作谓语，时间状语是years ago（多年前），要用一般过去时，后文提到“垃圾图书馆”，说明是多年前创办/开办了这个图书馆，结合首字母s，填started。
63. 空格在形容词environmental之后，需要填入名词，语境是让孩子意识到环保的重要性，固定搭配environmental protection表示“环境保护”，首字母p，填protection。
64. 空格和前面的puts并列作谓语，主语是Raden，为第三人称单数，用一般现在时，前文提到她把书放在三轮车上，对应的动作是骑三轮车去村子，首字母r，填rides。
65. 空格修饰后面的cups、bags等垃圾，结合生活常识，塑料杯、塑料袋都是常见的生活垃圾，首字母p，填plastic。
66. 空格作时间状语从句的谓语，主语是she，第三人称单数用一般现在时，语境是她完成所有交换之后，就把所有垃圾运走，首字母f，填finishes。
67. 空格修饰动词filled，需要填入副词，语境里书很快就被换完，三轮车很快就装满了垃圾，首字母q，填quickly。
68. 空格在介词for之后，要填入动名词形式，垃圾分类之后会被送去回收或者售卖，首字母r，填recycling。
69. 前文提到这个图书馆是放在三轮车上流动到各个村子的，所以是移动图书馆服务，首字母m，填mobile。
70. 固定搭配fight climate change表示“对抗/应对气候变化”，in order to后面要接动词原形，首字母f，填fight。
【答案】
61. fantastic/fine
62. started
63. protection
64. rides
65. plastic
66. finishes
67. quickly
68. recycling
69. mobile
70. fight
【知识点】
首字母缺词填空，固定短语搭配，动词时态主谓一致
【点评】
本题属于记叙文类首字母填空，选材贴近当下环保公益的热点话题，内容生动易懂，既考查学生对全文上下文逻辑的梳理能力，也兼顾了词性判断、时态变形、固定搭配等基础语法知识点的考察，部分空格允许符合语义的正确备选答案，出题灵活度较高。
【难度系数】
0.6
