四、词语运用。
A)选用方框里的单词或词组填空，其中有一个单词或词组是多余的。
greatness further inventions centuries for free countless
For 1, people have admired the 2 of famous inventors. A true inventor often works hard to develop ideas 3, and many even share their creations 4, just to help the world progress. Their selfless efforts show that greatness lies(位于) not only in their 5 but also in their kindness.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A)1. centuries 2. greatness 3. further 4. for free 5. inventions

【分析】首先通读句子理解整体语境，再结合方框内单词/词组的词义、词性，逐一分析每个空格的需求：第1空前有介词for，需填表时间的名词，对应固定搭配；第2空前有定冠词the，需填名词，结合句意匹配；第3空修饰动词短语，需填副词；第4空需填表方式的词组，结合语境选择；第5空前有形容词性物主代词，需填名词，结合前文内容匹配。
【解析】方框内单词/词组含义：greatness（伟大）、further（进一步地）、inventions（发明）、centuries（世纪）、for free（免费）、countless（无数的，多余）。逐个分析：
1. 介词for后需接表时间的名词，for centuries是固定短语，意为“几个世纪以来”，故填centuries；
2. 定冠词the后需接名词，结合句意“人们钦佩著名发明家的伟大”，greatness符合，故填greatness；
3. 空处修饰动词短语develop ideas，需填副词，further（进一步地）符合语境，故填further；
4. share sth for free是固定搭配，意为“免费分享某物”，符合“分享发明”的语境，故填for free；
5. 形容词性物主代词their后需接名词，结合前文提到的发明家的贡献，inventions（发明）符合，故填inventions。
【答案】1. centuries 2. greatness 3. further 4. for free 5. inventions
【知识点】词语运用、固定搭配
【点评】本题为选词填空题型，需结合句意、词性及固定搭配选择合适词汇，整体难度适中，学生只要掌握单词词义和常见短语即可正确作答。
【难度系数】0.7

B)阅读短文,在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词,或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
Learning Chinese may seem difficult to foreigners outside China. 1, Daisy Raffan, an 18-year-old girl in Britain, hopes to bring the language to the young people.
Daisy has been learning Putonghua since the age of five. Two years ago, after she decided to pass on what she had learned, she came up with 2 idea for the website, kidschineseclub. com.
She says, “People are afraid 3 (learn) Putonghua. One of the main 4 (reason) is that they think it's a(n) 5 (possible) language to learn, but I have had fun 6 (do) it. And I hope what I have done is easy and fun.”
Daisy's website has 7 (win) the support of several important persons—the teenager says she has received a letter 8 (praise) her work from Gordon Brown, who is the British Prime Minister. She said, “I wrote to him and told him what I was doing and got a letter 9 him. He said that what I was doing was a really good idea. I thought it was amazing. I was 10 (excite) that someone so important was supporting what I was doing.”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

B)1. However 2. an 3. to learn 4. reasons 5. impossible 6. doing 7. won 8. praising 9. from 10. excited

【分析】
本题为英语语法填空题，需结合语境逻辑、固定搭配、词性变化、时态规则等知识逐一解题。1空需体现前后转折关系；2空考查不定冠词用法；3空涉及固定短语搭配；4空需遵循“one of+可数名词复数”规则；5空根据语境判断词义；6空考查固定结构；7空运用现在完成时结构；8空需用现在分词作定语；9空为固定搭配；10空需用修饰人的形容词。
【解析】
1. 空格前后为转折关系，且有逗号隔开，故填However；
2. idea是可数名词单数，表泛指且以元音音素开头，故填an；
3. 固定搭配be afraid to do sth（害怕做某事），故填to learn；
4. one of后接可数名词复数，故填reasons；
5. 语境表示“不可能的”，possible的反义词为impossible，故填impossible；
6. 固定搭配have fun doing sth（做某事很开心），故填doing；
7. 现在完成时结构为has+动词过去分词，win的过去分词是won，故填won；
8. 现在分词praising作后置定语修饰letter，表主动关系，故填praising；
9. 固定搭配get a letter from sb（收到某人的信），故填from；
10. 修饰人需用形容词excited，故填excited。
【答案】
1. However 2. an 3. to learn 4. reasons 5. impossible 6. doing 7. won 8. praising 9. from 10. excited
【知识点】
固定搭配、时态与分词、词性转换
【点评】
本题考查英语基础语法与词汇运用，涵盖转折连词、冠词、固定短语、时态、词性变化等核心考点，侧重基础能力考查，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

五、跨科学·无人驾驶汽车阅读理解。
Have you ever seen a car without a driver? It sounds crazy, but these computer-driven driverless cars will soon be filling roads near you. Companies are testing these cars—they just need to see if they're valuable to earn money and run final tests to check if they can run alongside human-driven cars on the road.
So how do they work? The cars have sensors(传感器) all around which can detect other cars on the road. Sensors on the wheels also help know how far it is from other cars when parking. Cameras read road signs, and satellite navigation systems(卫星导航系统) help the car know where to go. You only need to type in the address! Finally, a central computer system takes in all information it receives from the sensors and cameras and works out the best route.
People don't need to worry about remembering directions to the places they want to go. They can drive more safely than people. They can follow the traffic rules and have quicker reactions(反应) when they are in danger. No one needs a driving license(驾驶执照) and they can help save money for everyone.
However, many people worry about the driverless cars. They are concerned that computers in driverless cars may have difficulty making ethical(道德的) decisions. If a child runs into the road, will the computer choose to hit the child or make a turn and it may kill people in cars? There are many things that people have to think about. They need to decide whether to allow children or drunk people to be in a driverless car by themselves. Or do we need to have an adult with a driving license in the car all the time?
I'm not sure I'd want a driverless car because there are still many things that I can't understand.
()1. What can the sensors on the wheels of a driverless car help people do?
A. Read road signs clearly.
B. Find the best driving way.
C. Connect to the satellite navigation system.
D. Know how far it is from other cars when parking.
()2. What good point of driverless cars is mentioned in the passage?
A. They don't need any money.
B. They are faster than other cars.
C. They can drive more safely than people.
D. They don't need to follow the traffic rules.
()3. What do people worry about driverless cars?
A. They may have difficulty making ethical decisions.
B. Little children can be in the driverless cars at any time.
C. Drunk people will drive the driverless cars by themselves.
D. They will hit the child and kill people in cars at the same time.

1. D 【点拨】根据“Sensors on the wheels also help know how far it is from other cars when parking.”可知,车轮上的传感器可以帮助在停车时知道与其他车辆的距离。故选 D。
2. C 【点拨】根据“They can drive more safely than people.”可知,无人驾驶汽车比人类驾驶更安全。故选 C。
3. A 【点拨】根据“However, many people worry about the driverless cars. They are concerned that computers in driverless cars may have difficulty making ethical(道德的) decisions.”可知,人们担心无人驾驶汽车的计算机在道德决策方面存在困难。故选 A。

【分析】本题为跨科学的英语阅读理解题，解题思路为：先阅读题干，提取每个问题的关键词，再回到原文中定位相关语句，最后将选项与原文内容逐一对比，选出匹配的正确答案。
【解析】1. 根据原文第二段“Sensors on the wheels also help know how far it is from other cars when parking.”可知，车轮上的传感器可帮助在停车时知晓与其他车辆的距离，对应选项D。2. 根据原文第三段“They can drive more safely than people.”可知，无人驾驶汽车的优点之一是比人类驾驶更安全，对应选项C。3. 根据原文第四段“However, many people worry about the driverless cars. They are concerned that computers in driverless cars may have difficulty making ethical(道德的) decisions.”可知，人们担心无人驾驶汽车的计算机难以做出道德决策，对应选项A。
【答案】1.D 2.C 3.A
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解题、跨学科阅读
【点评】本题结合无人驾驶科技话题，考查学生提取文章具体信息的能力，题目围绕原文细节设置，贴近生活，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6