11.（文化自信）— I have been to the Great Wall many times . What about you?
— Not yet, but I really want to go there! It is a symbol of China.

A.as usual
B.at first
C.after all
D.so far

11. D as usual 像往常一样；at first 起初；after all 毕竟；so far 到目前为止，多用于现在完成时。

【分析】本题考查英语短语辨析及时态搭配，首先观察题干时态：前半句使用现在完成时（have been to），答语中的Not yet也是现在完成时的典型标志，需选择能与现在完成时搭配、符合语境的时间状语短语。逐一分析选项含义，结合语境和时态要求排除错误选项，确定正确答案。
【解析】首先，题干前半句为现在完成时（have been to），答语中的Not yet也指向现在完成时，需选符合该时态的短语。A项as usual意为“像往常一样”，不符合语境；B项at first意为“起初”，语义不通；C项after all意为“毕竟”，不符合句子逻辑；D项so far意为“到目前为止”，常用于现在完成时，契合句子“到目前为止已多次去过长城”的语境，故答案为D。
【答案】D
【知识点】短语辨析；现在完成时
【点评】本题为基础短语辨析题，重点考查常用短语的词义及与现在完成时的搭配，只要掌握各短语含义，结合语境即可轻松作答，属于易掌握的基础题型。
【难度系数】0.3

12. Last night, an earthquake a town. A survivor said that his heart was very fast when he realized it was an earthquake.

A.hit; hitting
B.beat; beating
C.hit; beating
D.beatt; hitting

12. C

【分析】本题需辨析易混动词hit和beat的用法：首先，hit可表示自然灾害（如地震）袭击某地，而beat侧重指心跳、拍打等动作；先根据第一空“地震袭击小镇”确定用hit，排除错误选项，再根据第二空“心跳快”确定用beating，最终选出正确答案。
【解析】第一空：句子主语是地震，宾语是小镇，需表达“袭击”之意，hit可表示（自然灾害）袭击，beat无此用法，故第一空填hit；第二空：描述“心跳快”，固定表达为“heart beating”，hitting无此含义，故第二空填beating。综上，答案选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】动词词义辨析；hit与beat的用法
【点评】本题考查初中英语核心易混动词的用法，属于基础词汇题，需准确区分hit和beat的适用场景。
【难度系数】0.4

13. — Oh, no! Our tent is on fire! Let's get some water and . — Yes. Come on!

A.put it out
B.put out it
C.put it up
D.put up it

13. A put out 灭火，代词放中间。

【分析】第一步，根据题干“帐篷着火了”的语境，确定需要选择表示“灭火”的短语，先排除语义不符的选项；第二步，回忆“动词+副词”构成的短语中，代词作宾语时的位置规则，进一步筛选出正确选项。
【解析】1. 语境分析：帐篷着火需灭火，put out意为“灭火”，put up意为“搭建、张贴”，因此排除语义不符的C、D选项；2. 短语结构：put out是“动词+副词”型短语，当宾语为代词时，代词必须放在动词和副词之间，B选项put out it（代词位置错误）排除，A选项put it out符合规则，故答案为A。
【答案】A
【知识点】动词短语辨析；代词的位置
【点评】本题考查常用动词短语的语义及“动词+副词”短语中代词的放置规则，属于英语基础考点，需准确掌握短语含义和结构要求。
【难度系数】0.4

14.（易错题）The old lady didn't know when the house caught fire.

A.how to do
B.how to do it
C.what to do
D.what to do it

14. C
易错警示
14. what to do 做什么，do的宾语是what，后面不能再加it，how to do语法不通，how to do it此处指代不明。

【分析】
本题考查疑问词+不定式的用法，需明确what和how在该结构中的不同作用：what是代词，可作do的宾语，因此“what to do”结构完整，意为“做什么”；how是副词，不能作do的宾语，因此“how to do”后需加宾语（如it）构成“how to do it”，意为“如何做这件事”。结合语境分析选项即可得出答案。
【解析】
1. 分析选项A：how是副词，无法作do的宾语，“how to do”缺少宾语，语法结构不完整，排除；
2. 分析选项B：“how to do it”中it指代不明，不符合“房子着火时老妇人不知道该做什么”的语境，排除；
3. 分析选项C：what是代词，作do的宾语，“what to do”结构完整，语义为“做什么”，符合语境，正确；
4. 分析选项D：what已作do的宾语，再加it会造成语义重复，语法错误，排除。
【答案】
C
【知识点】
疑问词+不定式的用法
【点评】
本题为易错题，核心是区分what与how在“疑问词+不定式”结构中的用法差异，需注意what作宾语时不能加it，how作状语时需补充宾语it，同时要结合语境判断语义是否通顺，避免语法错误。
【难度系数】
0.5

三、核心素养 社会主义先进文化 阅读理解。
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:科技与救灾 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★★
① The Chinese-made aircraft(飞机) are playing an important role in protecting the country's green mountains. Many models of newly developed large unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs,无人机) are showing their ability to protect the environment. In recent years, they have been used to put out forest fires and do other dangerous tasks.
② In mid-March 2024, Yajiang County in Sichuan Province faced a challenging spring when a serious forest fire happened. However, the situation changed quickly as the new aircraft were used to support firefighting. The aircraft played a key role in finding what caused the fire and understanding its size. The UAVs gave real-time heat pictures and maps, helping plan the firefighting efforts. At the same time, the fixed-wing(固定机翼的) aircraft dropped water on certain areas. It stopped the fire and saved more of the forest. This was the first time that China had used large UAVs to carry out some tasks, like putting out forest fires. The move showed the advantages(优点) of these new aircraft and provided a new way to stay away from disasters.
③ These new aircraft were also used for other tasks. MA60 aircraft have been used not only for firefighting, but also for spring drought(干旱). In the spring of 2024, they increased the rounds of rainfall in Shaanxi Province. They have also played a key role in facing the challenges of the weather.
④ Clear waters and green mountains are not only natural wealth but also social wealth. As the technology improves, more Chinese-made aircraft will be developed in the future. They will reduce the influence of natural disasters on the country and protect people's lives and wealth.
1. What do we know about the UAVs in the task of Yajiang according to the passage?
A. They provided real-time heat pictures and maps.
B. They sent firefighters to the fire place.
C. They acted as communication tools among firefighters.
D. They watered the place to prevent the fire from spreading.
2.（创新考法·行文方式）How does the writer support his idea in Paragraph 3?
A. By listing numbers.
B. By comparing facts.
C. By giving an example.
D. By reporting results.
3.（创新考法·篇章结构）Which is the right structure of the passage?

1. A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The UAVs gave real-time heat pictures and maps, helping plan the firefighting efforts.”可知，雅江火灾中无人机的作用是提供实时热成像图和地图。
2. C 行文方式题。第三段通过列举陕西人工增雨、应对气象灾害的具体案例，来支撑“国产飞机还可用于其他任务”的观点，属于“举例论证”。
3. B 篇章结构题。本文采用“总—分—总”结构：第一段开篇点题，指出国产无人机在环保、防灾中发挥重要作用；第二、三段分别以四川雅江森林火灾、陕西春旱为例，具体说明国产飞机的应用场景和效果；第四段总结升华，强调绿水青山的重要性，展望国产飞机未来在防灾减灾、保护民生方面的价值。
方法归纳
阅读理解·篇章结构
常见的篇章结构模式有总分总结构、总分结构、分总结构等。学生在解题时要先通读全文，把握文章的大意和主题。然后，注意识别关键信息，如主题句、连接词和过渡句。接着，仔细分析每个选项，判断其与文章或段落的结构是否相符，并注意排除与文章结构明显不符的选项。最后，结合上下文来理解文章和段落的结构，不要孤立地看待某个段落或句子。

【分析】要判断文章的结构，需先通读全文，明确各段落的作用：第一段总述国产飞机在防灾环保中的重要作用；第二段以雅江森林火灾为例说明其灭火应用；第三段以陕西春旱为例说明其抗旱应用；第四段总结升华，展望未来，整体为总分总结构，对应选项B。
【解析】文章采用总分总结构：第一段总起，点明国产飞机在防灾、环保领域的重要性；第二、三段分别以四川雅江森林火灾、陕西春旱为具体事例，说明国产飞机的应用场景；第四段总结，强调国产飞机对减少灾害影响、保护民生的意义，因此结构对应选项B。
【答案】B
【知识点】英语阅读理解、篇章结构分析
【点评】本题考查英语阅读理解中的篇章结构分析，要求学生梳理段落逻辑，识别总分总结构，需结合各段落内容判断，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6