探究点 cost 的用法

[知识拓展]
辨析 pay,spend,take 与 cost

We can pay for things on our mobile phones.
我们可以在手机上付款。
I usually spend an hour (in) reading English every morning.
我通常每天早晨花一个小时读英语。
It takes about eight minutes for light to travel from the sun to the earth.
光从太阳到地球大约需要8分钟的时间。
The dictionary I bought yesterday cost me 20 yuan.
我昨天买的字典花了我20元。
情境应用
1. —Wow, your sweater is very beautiful! How much is it?
—Thank you. It me 30 dollars.
A. spent B. paid
C. cost D. took
2. I spent half an hour my homework last night. (finish)
3. Li Hua ¥50 for the schoolbag yesterday. (pay)
4. It us an hour to go to my hometown by train. (take)

1. C
2. finishing
3. paid
4. takes/took

1. 第一题考查表“花费”的动词用法辨析：spend和pay的主语必须是人，本题主语It指代物品sweater，排除A、B选项；take的常用结构为It takes sb some time to do sth，仅用于表达花费时间，本题是花费金钱，排除D选项；cost的主语是物，结构为sth cost sb some money，完全符合题意，因此选C。
2. 第二题考查spend的固定搭配：sb spend some time (in) doing sth 表示“某人花费多长时间做某事”，因此括号内的动词finish要变为动名词形式finishing。
3. 第三题考查一般过去时和pay的用法：句中时间状语yesterday表示动作发生在过去，句子要用一般过去时，pay的过去式为paid，符合pay money for sth的固定结构。
4. 第四题考查take的固定句型It takes sb some time to do sth：该句可表示客观事实用一般现在时填takes，也可描述过去某次行程的情况用一般过去时填took，二者均符合语法规则。

Ⅰ. 根据句意,用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1. I hope that you can get good grades. (sincere)
2. The story in this book is very interesting. (open)
3. The wishes in this letter are very warm. (close)
4. The between them was resolved (解开) through an honest conversation. (understand)
5. Simon has difficulty to this question. Let's give him more time to think about it. (reply)

1. sincerely
2. opening
3. closing
4. misunderstanding
5. replying

本题考查词形转换，需结合词性规则、固定搭配和句意完成变形：
1. 空格处修饰动词hope，需要使用副词形式，形容词sincere的副词变形为sincerely。
2. 空格处修饰名词story，需要用形容词作定语，open变形为opening，意为“开篇的”，符合“书中的开篇故事很有趣”的语境。
3. 空格处修饰名词wishes，需要用形容词作定语，close变形为closing，意为“末尾的”，符合“信末尾的祝福很温暖”的语境。
4. 空格前有定冠词the，需要填入名词作主语，结合“通过坦诚对话被解开”的句意，动词understand变形为名词misunderstanding（误解），符合语境。
5. 此处考查固定搭配have difficulty (in) doing sth.，意为“做某事有困难”，因此动词reply要变为动名词形式replying。