15. 如图,$AB$ 是半圆 $O$ 的直径,弦 $AD$,$BC$ 相交于点 $P$,且 $CD$,$AB$ 的长分别是一元二次方程 $x^2 - 7x + 12 = 0$ 的两根,求 $\tan ∠ DPB$ 的值.

答案
15. 连接BD,如图,则$∠ ADB=90°$,解方程$x^2 - 7x + 12 = 0$,可得$x = 3$,$x = 4$.由于$AB>CD$,所以$AB = 4$,$CD = 3$.由圆周角定理知:$∠ C = ∠ A$,$∠ CDA = ∠ ABP$,故$△ CPD ∼ △ APB$,得$\frac{PD}{PB}=\frac{CD}{AB}=\frac{3}{4}$.设$PD = 3x$,则$PB = 4x$.在$Rt△ PBD$中,由勾股定理得$BD = \sqrt{PB^2 - PD^2}=\sqrt{7}x$.故$\tan ∠ DPB=\frac{BD}{PD}=\frac{\sqrt{7}}{3}$.
16. 如图,把 $n$ 个边长为 1 的正方形拼接成一排,求得 $\tan ∠ BA_1C = 1$,$\tan ∠ BA_2C = \frac{1}{3}$,$\tan ∠ BA_3C = \frac{1}{7}$,计算 $\tan ∠ BA_4C =$
]
$\frac{1}{13}$
,……按此规律,写出 $\tan ∠ BA_nC =$$\frac{1}{n^2 - n + 1}$
(用含 $n$ 的代数式表示).答案
16. $\frac{1}{13}$ $\frac{1}{n^2 - n + 1}$
17. 如图,在正方形 $ABCD$ 中,点 $G$ 在边 $AB$ 上(不与点 $A$,$B$ 重合),连接 $DG$,作 $CE ⊥ DG$ 于点 $E$,$AF ⊥ DG$ 于点 $F$,连接 $AE$,$CF$.
(1)求证:$DE = AF$;
(2)若 $AG = \frac{1}{3}AB$,设 $∠ ECF = α$,$∠ EAF = β$,求 $\frac{\tan α}{\tan β}$ 的值.

(1)求证:$DE = AF$;
(2)若 $AG = \frac{1}{3}AB$,设 $∠ ECF = α$,$∠ EAF = β$,求 $\frac{\tan α}{\tan β}$ 的值.
答案
17. (1) $\because$ 在正方形$ABCD$中,$\therefore AD = CD$,$∠ ADC = 90°$.$\because CE ⊥ DG$于点$E$,$AF ⊥ DG$于点$F$,$\therefore ∠ AFD = ∠ CED = 90°$,$\therefore ∠ ADF + ∠ CDE = ∠ CDE + ∠ DCE = 90°$,$\therefore ∠ ADF = ∠ DCE$.在$△ ADF$与$△ DCE$中,$\begin{cases} ∠ ADF = ∠ DCE \\ ∠ AFD = ∠ CED \\ AD = CD \end{cases}$,$\therefore △ ADF ≌ △ DCE(AAS)$.$\therefore DE = AF$; (2) 在正方形$ABCD$中,$\because AB // CD$,$\therefore ∠ AGF = ∠ CDE$.$\because ∠ CED = ∠ AFG = 90°$,$\therefore △ AFG ∼ △ CED$,$\therefore \frac{AF}{CE}=\frac{AG}{CD}$.$\because AG = \frac{1}{3}AB$,又$AB = CD$,$\therefore \frac{AG}{CD}=\frac{AG}{AB}=\frac{1}{3}$,$\therefore \frac{AF}{CE}=\frac{1}{3}$,$\therefore \frac{\tan α}{\tan β}=\frac{\frac{EF}{CE}}{\frac{AF}{CE}}=\frac{EF}{AF}=\frac{AF}{CE}=\frac{1}{3}$.
解析
(1)证明:在正方形$ABCD$中,$AD = CD$,$∠ ADC = 90°$。
$\because CE ⊥ DG$,$AF ⊥ DG$,
$\therefore ∠ AFD = ∠ CED = 90°$,
$\because ∠ ADF + ∠ CDE = 90°$,$∠ CDE + ∠ DCE = 90°$,
$\therefore ∠ ADF = ∠ DCE$。
在$△ ADF$和$△ DCE$中,
$\begin{cases} ∠ ADF = ∠ DCE \\ ∠ AFD = ∠ CED \\ AD = CD \end{cases}$,
$\therefore △ ADF ≌ △ DCE(AAS)$,
$\therefore DE = AF$。
(2)解:在正方形$ABCD$中,$AB // CD$,$\therefore ∠ AGF = ∠ CDE$。
$\because ∠ CED = ∠ AFG = 90°$,
$\therefore △ AFG ∼ △ CED$,
$\therefore \frac{AF}{CE} = \frac{AG}{CD}$。
$\because AG = \frac{1}{3}AB$,$AB = CD$,
$\therefore \frac{AG}{CD} = \frac{1}{3}$,$\therefore \frac{AF}{CE} = \frac{1}{3}$。
$\because \tanα = \frac{EF}{CE}$,$\tanβ = \frac{EF}{AF}$,
$\therefore \frac{\tanα}{\tanβ} = \frac{\frac{EF}{CE}}{\frac{EF}{AF}} = \frac{AF}{CE} = \frac{1}{3}$。
答案:(1)见证明过程;(2)$\frac{1}{3}$。
$\because CE ⊥ DG$,$AF ⊥ DG$,
$\therefore ∠ AFD = ∠ CED = 90°$,
$\because ∠ ADF + ∠ CDE = 90°$,$∠ CDE + ∠ DCE = 90°$,
$\therefore ∠ ADF = ∠ DCE$。
在$△ ADF$和$△ DCE$中,
$\begin{cases} ∠ ADF = ∠ DCE \\ ∠ AFD = ∠ CED \\ AD = CD \end{cases}$,
$\therefore △ ADF ≌ △ DCE(AAS)$,
$\therefore DE = AF$。
(2)解:在正方形$ABCD$中,$AB // CD$,$\therefore ∠ AGF = ∠ CDE$。
$\because ∠ CED = ∠ AFG = 90°$,
$\therefore △ AFG ∼ △ CED$,
$\therefore \frac{AF}{CE} = \frac{AG}{CD}$。
$\because AG = \frac{1}{3}AB$,$AB = CD$,
$\therefore \frac{AG}{CD} = \frac{1}{3}$,$\therefore \frac{AF}{CE} = \frac{1}{3}$。
$\because \tanα = \frac{EF}{CE}$,$\tanβ = \frac{EF}{AF}$,
$\therefore \frac{\tanα}{\tanβ} = \frac{\frac{EF}{CE}}{\frac{EF}{AF}} = \frac{AF}{CE} = \frac{1}{3}$。
答案:(1)见证明过程;(2)$\frac{1}{3}$。
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