一、汉译英(一空一词)
1. 参加社团活动是结交新朋友的好方法。
It's a great way by joining clubs.
2. 在我们班,篮球是最受欢迎的运动。
Basketball is sport in our class.
3. 和父母交谈是帮助青少年应对情绪的好方法。
Talking to parents is a great way to help teenagers their emotions.
4. 长时间在线聊天不利于保护视力。
for a long time is not good for protecting eyesight.
5. 突然的巨响导致这个婴儿大声哭起来。
The sudden loud noise caused the baby loudly.

1.to make new friends 2.the most popular
3.deal with 4.Chatting online 5.to cry

【分析】
做这类一空一词的汉译英题，解题思路如下：1. 先完整通读中文原句和已给出的英文内容，明确空缺部分对应的中文含义，同时数清空缺的单词数量；2. 结合已给出的英文片段，联想对应的英语固定句型、常用短语，匹配空缺的语义和词数；3. 注意语法形式的正确性，比如非谓语动词的形式、形容词最高级的结构、作主语的动词要改为动名词形式等，最后代入整句核对句意是否通顺、语法是否合规。
【解析】
我们逐题推导：
1. 对应中文“结交新朋友”，结合已有的It's a great way，固定句型为It's a great way to do sth.（做某事的好方法），“结交新朋友”是make new friends，刚好四个空，填入后符合结构和语义。
2. 对应中文“最受欢迎的”，popular是多音节形容词，最高级形式为the most popular，刚好三个空，符合“最受欢迎的运动”的语义。
3. 对应中文“应对”，前面有help sb do sth的结构，后面接动词原形，短语deal with表示应对、处理，刚好两个空，符合要求。
4. 对应中文“在线聊天”，本句缺主语，动词作主语需要变为动名词形式，chat的动名词是Chatting，“在线”是online，两个空，首字母大写符合句首主语的格式。
5. 对应中文“哭起来”，固定搭配cause sb to do sth. 表示导致某人做某事，所以填入to cry，刚好两个空，符合结构。
【答案】
1.to make new friends
2.the most popular
3.deal with
4.Chatting online
5.to cry
【知识点】
固定短语搭配；形容词最高级；非谓语动词
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础汉译英题型，全部考察课标要求掌握的核心常用搭配和基础语法点，没有偏难怪的考点，只要平时熟记课本里的固定句型和常用动词短语，注意动词作主语的形式变化，就能顺利完成作答，是巩固基础短语的典型习题。
【难度系数】
0.7

二、阅读理解
In the world, people are tiny and weak. But to live, they become brave and strong. Some
even have some special survival skills.
Sherpas live near the Himalayas. With very strong hearts and lungs (肺), they are great
mountain climbers. A Sherpa once spent about eight hours climbing to the top of Mount
Qomolangma.
Jeju Island is home to some women divers. Known as haenyeo, the women divers can hold
their breath for about two minutes and dive more than 10 metres deep into the sea. To become
a haenyeo, a girl learns from her mum or grandma at the age of 7 or 8.
The Baka people in Africa live with trees. Most of them are about 1.52 metres tall. But
they are good at climbing trees. Some children can easily climb trees about 30 metres tall. This
helps them go through the forest.
()1. What do we know about Sherpas?
A. They live with trees.
B. They are rather tall and strong.
C. They are good at climbing mountains.
D. They can hold their breath for a long time.
()2. Why does the writer mention a Sherpa's 8-hour climbing?
A. To tell the detail of the climbing.
B. To introduce the daily life of Sherpas.
C. To show their special ability in climbing.
D. To encourage people to climb Mount Qomolangma.
()3. What does the underlined word "dive" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Buy fish. B. Take photos.
C. Swim under water. D. Climb the mountain.
()4. Why is climbing trees important for the Baka children?
A. Because it helps them find water to drink.
B. Because it helps them go through the forest.
C. Because it helps them catch fish in the river.
D. Because it helps them build houses in the trees.
()5. Why did the author write this passage?
A. To give advice on keeping healthy.
B. To introduce people with special skills.
C. To tell the ways to dive in the deep sea.
D. To encourage people to climb mountains.

1.C 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.B

【分析】
这是一篇介绍拥有特殊生存技能人群的说明文，解题时首先通读全文把握核心主题，再针对每道题的题干关键词返回原文对应段落定位信息，逐一比对选项，排除与原文不符的干扰项即可得出正确答案：细节题直接找原文对应语句判断，例证题要明确例子是为了支撑前文的核心观点，词义猜测题结合前后文的语境线索推导词义，主旨题匹配开篇点明的全文主题即可。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位文章第二段关于夏尔巴人的描述，原文明确提到"they are great mountain climbers"，说明他们擅长登山。A选项是非洲巴卡人的特征，B选项文中未提及夏尔巴人身高很高，D选项是济州岛海女的特征，均为错误干扰项，因此选C。
2. 推理判断题：第二段开篇先点明夏尔巴人是非常优秀的登山者，随后举出夏尔巴人仅用约8小时登顶珠峰的例子，目的就是为了直观展示他们在登山方面远超常人的特殊能力，其余选项均不符合举例的逻辑目的，因此选C。
3. 词义猜测题：划线词所在句的前文提到这些人是济州岛的女性潜水员，她们可以憋气约2分钟，往海下10米多深的位置行动，由此可推知dive的含义是在水下潜泳，对应C选项。
4. 细节理解题：定位文章最后一段关于巴卡人的内容，原文明确说明爬树的技能"helps them go through the forest"，直接对应B选项。
5. 主旨大意题：文章开篇就点明核心主题"Some even have some special survival skills"，全文分别介绍了擅长登山的夏尔巴人、擅长潜水的济州海女、擅长爬树的非洲巴卡人三类拥有特殊生存技能的群体，因此作者的写作目的是介绍拥有特殊技能的人，选B。
【答案】
1.C 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.B
【知识点】
细节信息查找，词义猜测，主旨大意
【点评】
本篇属于基础说明类阅读理解，绝大多数题目都可以通过原文直接定位找到对应依据，仅少量题目需要结合上下文逻辑推导，适合初中低年级学生训练快速定位文本信息的能力，解题时注意不要脱离原文主观臆断，所有判断都要以文本给出的内容为标准即可轻松得分。
【难度系数】
0.8