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五、任务型阅读。
In common with many countries, the UK has serious environmental problems. In 1952,
more than 4,000 people died in London because of the smog. 1.
much cleaner, but there is a new problem: Smog from cars. 2.
160 people died from pollution in just four days. Part of the problem is the new "out of town"
shopping centres. In the past, people often walked to shops near their home or went by bus.
Now many people drive to the new shopping centres. 3.
Critics(评论员) say that the UK needs better and cheaper public transport. 4.
An early morning train trip from Glasgow to London (about 600 km) can cost about 100
pounds, for example. A short 15-minute bus trip can cost over 1.00 pound.
5.
Some people also travel to work together in one car to reduce air pollution and the cost.
根据短文内容,从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有一项为多余选项。
A. The cost of public transport has an influence on British people.
B. In December, 1991, there was very little wind in London and pollution increased a lot.
C. The government introduced new laws to stop smog from coal fires and factories, and the
situation improved a lot.
D. As a result, the small shops have disappeared and more people have to travel to do their shopping.
E. Transport in the UK is very expensive.
F. Many people are trying to reduce the use of cars in the UK.
In common with many countries, the UK has serious environmental problems. In 1952,
more than 4,000 people died in London because of the smog. 1.
C
Today, London ismuch cleaner, but there is a new problem: Smog from cars. 2.
B
As a result, about160 people died from pollution in just four days. Part of the problem is the new "out of town"
shopping centres. In the past, people often walked to shops near their home or went by bus.
Now many people drive to the new shopping centres. 3.
D
Critics(评论员) say that the UK needs better and cheaper public transport. 4.
E
An early morning train trip from Glasgow to London (about 600 km) can cost about 100
pounds, for example. A short 15-minute bus trip can cost over 1.00 pound.
5.
F
Some cities now have special bicycle paths, and many people cycle to work.Some people also travel to work together in one car to reduce air pollution and the cost.
根据短文内容,从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有一项为多余选项。
A. The cost of public transport has an influence on British people.
B. In December, 1991, there was very little wind in London and pollution increased a lot.
C. The government introduced new laws to stop smog from coal fires and factories, and the
situation improved a lot.
D. As a result, the small shops have disappeared and more people have to travel to do their shopping.
E. Transport in the UK is very expensive.
F. Many people are trying to reduce the use of cars in the UK.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. E 5. F
解析
【分析】
这是一道6选5的语篇还原类任务型阅读，解题时首先要通读全文，理清文章核心脉络：文章按时间顺序介绍英国的烟雾污染问题，从早年的燃煤烟雾事件，到如今汽车尾气带来的新污染，再分析污染成因、公共交通的现状，最后介绍民众的减排措施。之后逐空定位上下文的逻辑关联：优先找前后句的因果关系、总分对应、时间线衔接线索，把选项和上下文的提示信息逐一匹配，最后排除多余的干扰项即可得出答案。
【解析】
1. 第一空前提到1952年伦敦烟雾事件造成超4000人死亡，空后说明如今伦敦环境干净很多，符合“严重污染→出台治理措施→环境改善”的逻辑链，C选项“政府出台新法律禁止燃煤和工厂排放烟雾，情况大幅好转”完全承接前后内容，匹配正确。
2. 第二空前提到伦敦的新污染问题是汽车尾气产生的烟雾，空后提到结果仅四天就有约160人死于污染，B选项“1991年12月伦敦几乎无风，污染大幅加剧”正好引出后文的严重伤亡事件，逻辑通顺。
3. 第三空前对比了过去人们就近步行/坐公交购物、现在大家都开车去城外新购物中心的变化，D选项“结果小型商店消失，更多人不得不长途出行购物”是该变化带来的直接结果，衔接自然。
4. 第四空后列举了长途火车票价高达100英镑、短途15分钟公交票价超1英镑的高价例子，E选项“英国的公共交通出行非常昂贵”是对后文两个例子的总起表述，符合总分逻辑。
5. 第五空后列举了城市修专用自行车道、民众骑车上班、多人拼车通勤的具体做法，F选项“在英国很多人正努力减少汽车的使用”是该段的总起句，引出后文的各类减排行为。多余选项A表述的“公共交通成本影响英国人”全文没有对应支撑内容，直接排除。
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. E 5. F
【知识点】
任务型阅读 上下文逻辑衔接 语篇还原
【点评】
本题难度适中，没有设置过难的词汇障碍，核心考查学生对说明文行文逻辑的梳理能力，学生只要抓住前后句的因果、总分、时间先后的提示线索，就能快速匹配对应选项，能够有效锻炼学生的阅读理解逻辑推导能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一道6选5的语篇还原类任务型阅读，解题时首先要通读全文，理清文章核心脉络：文章按时间顺序介绍英国的烟雾污染问题，从早年的燃煤烟雾事件，到如今汽车尾气带来的新污染，再分析污染成因、公共交通的现状，最后介绍民众的减排措施。之后逐空定位上下文的逻辑关联：优先找前后句的因果关系、总分对应、时间线衔接线索，把选项和上下文的提示信息逐一匹配，最后排除多余的干扰项即可得出答案。
【解析】
1. 第一空前提到1952年伦敦烟雾事件造成超4000人死亡，空后说明如今伦敦环境干净很多，符合“严重污染→出台治理措施→环境改善”的逻辑链，C选项“政府出台新法律禁止燃煤和工厂排放烟雾，情况大幅好转”完全承接前后内容，匹配正确。
2. 第二空前提到伦敦的新污染问题是汽车尾气产生的烟雾，空后提到结果仅四天就有约160人死于污染，B选项“1991年12月伦敦几乎无风，污染大幅加剧”正好引出后文的严重伤亡事件，逻辑通顺。
3. 第三空前对比了过去人们就近步行/坐公交购物、现在大家都开车去城外新购物中心的变化，D选项“结果小型商店消失，更多人不得不长途出行购物”是该变化带来的直接结果，衔接自然。
4. 第四空后列举了长途火车票价高达100英镑、短途15分钟公交票价超1英镑的高价例子，E选项“英国的公共交通出行非常昂贵”是对后文两个例子的总起表述，符合总分逻辑。
5. 第五空后列举了城市修专用自行车道、民众骑车上班、多人拼车通勤的具体做法，F选项“在英国很多人正努力减少汽车的使用”是该段的总起句，引出后文的各类减排行为。多余选项A表述的“公共交通成本影响英国人”全文没有对应支撑内容，直接排除。
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. E 5. F
【知识点】
任务型阅读 上下文逻辑衔接 语篇还原
【点评】
本题难度适中，没有设置过难的词汇障碍，核心考查学生对说明文行文逻辑的梳理能力，学生只要抓住前后句的因果、总分、时间先后的提示线索，就能快速匹配对应选项，能够有效锻炼学生的阅读理解逻辑推导能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
