Ⅵ.阅读理解
Whether it's putting your elbows on the table or talking with a mouth full of food, everyone has to watch their manners at some time. Manners have developed over thousands of years and are always changing. Around 100 years ago, children weren't allowed to speak unless parents spoke to them first. Now young people can make their voices heard in many places.
Manners also mean different things in different countries. Eating food loudly seems rude in some countries, but in others it's a sign that people are enjoying their meal. What do you think? Are manners important?
Many old people think so. They say kind words and actions are good to everyone. When someone has good manners, it shows they care about other people's feelings and want them to be comfortable. In other words, well-mannered people make the world a happier place. Manners also help keep everyone healthy, which is why people should cover their mouths when they cough and keep dirty feet off seats.
▲ . They hold the idea that manners make people act in a way that doesn't mean how they really feel. If someone says "thank you" or "sorry" when they don't mean it, they're not being polite. In Europe, manners were a way of showing how rich a person was, but does it really matter what type of knife people use to eat fish? As long as people are kind to others, they should be allowed to act how they like.
()31. What does the underlined word "watch" mean in Paragraph 1?
A. Knock. B. Perform. C. Notice. D. Suppose.
()32. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. We need to care about others.
B. Good manners are very important.
C. Well-mannered people make us happy.
D. You can be healthy with good manners.
()33. Which of the following can be put in " ▲ " in Paragraph 4?
A. However, some young men don't think so
B. However, some manners are not accepted by young men
C. Besides, people should pay more attention to different customs
D. What's more, manners are not only important, but also necessary
()34. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Saying sorry certainly means being polite.
B. Eating fish with a knife shows you're rich.
C. Coughing with the mouth covered is strange.
D. Eating loudly can be good manners sometimes.
()35. The best title for the passage can be .
A. The Development of Manners
B. The Disagreement Between the Old and Young
C. Different Opinions About Manners
D. Manners in Different Countries

Ⅵ.31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.C

【分析】
这是一篇围绕“礼仪”主题的综合阅读理解，涵盖词义猜测、主旨大意、语句补全、细节理解、标题选择五类常考题型。解题时首先通读全文，梳理行文逻辑：文章先介绍礼仪的演变和地域差异，再分别呈现两类人群对礼仪的不同态度，核心是围绕对礼仪的多元观点展开。之后逐题对应原文定位：第31题结合上下文语境推断划线词含义，排除语义不符的选项；第32题梳理第三段的总-分结构，找到段落核心论点，排除片面的分论点选项；第33题结合前后段的转折逻辑，选出能自然衔接上下文的段首句；第34题逐一比对选项和原文细节，排除表述错误的选项；第35题概括全文核心，选出覆盖全文内容的最佳标题，排除片面的干扰项。
【解析】
31. 结合划线词所在句“Whether it's putting your elbows on the table or talking with a mouth full of food, everyone has to watch their manners at some time”的语境，句意为“无论是把胳膊肘放在餐桌上，还是嘴里塞满食物说话，每个人都需要在某些时候留意自己的举止”。A. Knock（敲击）、B. Perform（表演）、D. Suppose（假设）均不符合语境，C. Notice（留意、注意）和watch此处的含义匹配，故选C。
32. 第三段为总-分结构，开篇点明“Many old people think so（很多老人认为礼仪很重要）”，后续分别阐述好礼仪的两大作用：顾及他人感受让世界更愉悦、助力维护公共健康，全段核心就是说明好礼仪十分重要。A选项只是礼仪的要求之一，C、D都是段落中的分论点，表述片面，故选B。
33. 第三段介绍了老一辈认同礼仪重要的观点，第四段后文内容提出反对态度：认为礼仪会迫使人们做出违背自身真实想法的行为，前后为转折逻辑。A选项“然而，部分年轻人不这么认为”可以完美承接前后文的对立观点；B选项后文没有提及“不被年轻人接受的礼仪”相关内容，C、D为递进逻辑，和后文内容相悖，故选A。
34. 根据原文第二段“Eating food loudly seems rude in some countries, but in others it's a sign that people are enjoying their meal”可知，在部分国家大声吃饭是得体的表现，说明大声吃饭有时可以是好的礼仪，D表述正确。A选项和原文“如果不是真心说谢谢/道歉，就不算礼貌”相悖；B选项原文仅说明过去欧洲礼仪曾是炫富的方式，并非现在用鱼刀吃鱼就代表富有；C选项原文明确说明咳嗽捂嘴是符合礼仪、保障健康的行为，并非奇怪，故选D。
35. 全文既介绍了礼仪的演变、不同国家的礼仪差异，又重点呈现了老一辈支持礼仪重要、另一部分人反对刻板礼仪的不同观点，核心围绕人们对礼仪的不同看法展开。A仅提及礼仪的发展、B仅提及老少分歧、D仅提及不同国家的礼仪，都表述片面，故选C。
【知识点】
英语词义猜测，阅读理解主旨归纳，细节信息定位
【点评】
本题考点覆盖初中英语阅读所有经典题型，难度梯度设置合理，既考查学生定位原文细节的基础能力，也要求学生梳理段落逻辑、区分分论点和核心主旨，避免以偏概全的答题误区，同时能帮助学生了解不同文化的礼仪差异，积累相关主题的语料。
【难度系数】
0.7