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训练3 体裁：说明文 主题：通讯工具 难度：★★★★ 建议用时：7 min 正确率： /5
April 15，1860—A special day! The Pony Express，a fast mail delivery（递送）service，successfully completed its first journey from Saint Joseph in Missouri to Sacramento in California. This exciting journey began on April 3.
The Pony Express hired skilled horse riders to carry letters and small packages. They promised delivery from one end of the run to the other in 10 days or less!
Finally，there was a way to communicate with friends and family who live far away. You would not have to depend on slow boats or stagecoaches. About 180 riders，400 fast horses，and 190 stations made up the Pony Express. Its riders were mainly of small build，and many were teenagers. A day’s work was made up of about a 75-mile trip，with stops at several stations. The stations were about 10 to 15 miles apart. Riders earned about $100 to $150 a month. The Pony Express worked day and night to make sure important letters and packages arrived on time.
October 26，1861—Sad news for the Pony Express. After only about 19 months，the service closed its doors because of the opening of the telegraph（电报），a device that changed long-distance communication. The Pony Express lost a lot of money and had to stop.
Before closing，the Pony Express set a record that delivering a package took just 7 days and 17 hours from St. Joseph，Missouri to Sacramento，California.
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每题答案不超过10个词。
1. When did the Pony Express start its first journey?
2. What made up the Pony Express?
3. How many stations would a rider of the Pony Express pass by in a day at least?
4. Why did the Pony Express close its doors?
5. How do you usually communicate with your faraway friends? Why?
April 15，1860—A special day! The Pony Express，a fast mail delivery（递送）service，successfully completed its first journey from Saint Joseph in Missouri to Sacramento in California. This exciting journey began on April 3.
The Pony Express hired skilled horse riders to carry letters and small packages. They promised delivery from one end of the run to the other in 10 days or less!
Finally，there was a way to communicate with friends and family who live far away. You would not have to depend on slow boats or stagecoaches. About 180 riders，400 fast horses，and 190 stations made up the Pony Express. Its riders were mainly of small build，and many were teenagers. A day’s work was made up of about a 75-mile trip，with stops at several stations. The stations were about 10 to 15 miles apart. Riders earned about $100 to $150 a month. The Pony Express worked day and night to make sure important letters and packages arrived on time.
October 26，1861—Sad news for the Pony Express. After only about 19 months，the service closed its doors because of the opening of the telegraph（电报），a device that changed long-distance communication. The Pony Express lost a lot of money and had to stop.
Before closing，the Pony Express set a record that delivering a package took just 7 days and 17 hours from St. Joseph，Missouri to Sacramento，California.
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每题答案不超过10个词。
1. When did the Pony Express start its first journey?
On April 3,1860.
2. What made up the Pony Express?
About 180 riders, 400 fast horses, and 190 stations.
3. How many stations would a rider of the Pony Express pass by in a day at least?
Five/5(stations).
4. Why did the Pony Express close its doors?
Because of the opening of the telegraph.
5. How do you usually communicate with your faraway friends? Why?
By phone. Because it is easy and fast.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
答案
训练3 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了驿马快信的历史、运作方式和关闭的原因。
1. On April 3,1860. 根据第一段“April 15, 1860”和“This exciting journey began on April 3.”可知驿马快信在1860年4月3日开始第一次旅程。
2. About 180 riders, 400 fast horses, and 190 stations. 根据第三段“About 180 riders, 400 fast horses, and 190 stations made up the Pony Express.”可知驿马快信由大约180名骑手、400匹快马和190个驿站组成。
3. Five/5(stations). 根据第三段“A day's work was made up of about a 75-mile trip, with stops at several stations. The stations were about 10 to 15 miles apart.”可知骑手一天骑行75英里，驿站之间相距10到15英里，因此骑手一天至少会经过5个($75÷15=5$)驿站。
4. Because of the opening of the telegraph. 根据第四段“After only about 19 months, the service closed its doors because of the opening of the telegraph”可知驿马快信关闭是因为电报的出现。
5. By phone. Because it is easy and fast.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
1. On April 3,1860. 根据第一段“April 15, 1860”和“This exciting journey began on April 3.”可知驿马快信在1860年4月3日开始第一次旅程。
2. About 180 riders, 400 fast horses, and 190 stations. 根据第三段“About 180 riders, 400 fast horses, and 190 stations made up the Pony Express.”可知驿马快信由大约180名骑手、400匹快马和190个驿站组成。
3. Five/5(stations). 根据第三段“A day's work was made up of about a 75-mile trip, with stops at several stations. The stations were about 10 to 15 miles apart.”可知骑手一天骑行75英里，驿站之间相距10到15英里，因此骑手一天至少会经过5个($75÷15=5$)驿站。
4. Because of the opening of the telegraph. 根据第四段“After only about 19 months, the service closed its doors because of the opening of the telegraph”可知驿马快信关闭是因为电报的出现。
5. By phone. Because it is easy and fast.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
解析
【分析】做本题需先通读短文把握主旨，再针对每个问题的关键词回原文定位对应信息，注意答案需符合“不超过10个词”的要求；计算类问题结合原文数据推导，开放类问题结合自身实际合理作答。
【解析】1. 定位问题关键词“start its first journey”，从第一段“This exciting journey began on April 3.”获取答案；2. 定位关键词“made up”，从第三段“About 180 riders, 400 fast horses, and 190 stations made up the Pony Express.”提取内容；3. 定位关键词“stations in a day at least”，第三段提到骑手日骑行75英里，驿站间距10-15英里，按最大间距15英里计算，75÷15=5，得出结果；4. 定位关键词“close its doors”，从第四段“because of the opening of the telegraph”找到原因；5. 为开放题，结合自身通讯方式作答，合理即可。
【答案】1. On April 3,1860. 2. About 180 riders, 400 fast horses, and 190 stations. 3. Five/5(stations). 4. Because of the opening of the telegraph. 5. By phone. Because it is easy and fast.
【知识点】说明文阅读理解、细节信息查找、简单推理计算
【点评】本题围绕驿马快信的相关内容设题，考查学生对说明文细节的定位能力、简单数据计算能力及开放表达能力，是常规英语阅读题型，需学生仔细读文找对应信息。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 定位问题关键词“start its first journey”，从第一段“This exciting journey began on April 3.”获取答案；2. 定位关键词“made up”，从第三段“About 180 riders, 400 fast horses, and 190 stations made up the Pony Express.”提取内容；3. 定位关键词“stations in a day at least”，第三段提到骑手日骑行75英里，驿站间距10-15英里，按最大间距15英里计算，75÷15=5，得出结果；4. 定位关键词“close its doors”，从第四段“because of the opening of the telegraph”找到原因；5. 为开放题，结合自身通讯方式作答，合理即可。
【答案】1. On April 3,1860. 2. About 180 riders, 400 fast horses, and 190 stations. 3. Five/5(stations). 4. Because of the opening of the telegraph. 5. By phone. Because it is easy and fast.
【知识点】说明文阅读理解、细节信息查找、简单推理计算
【点评】本题围绕驿马快信的相关内容设题，考查学生对说明文细节的定位能力、简单数据计算能力及开放表达能力，是常规英语阅读题型，需学生仔细读文找对应信息。
【难度系数】0.6
