汉译英。
1. 保护自己
2. 接管;掌控
3. 在非常短的时间内
4. 不寻常的事情
5. 胸部肌肉收缩
6. 有过敏症
7. 频繁打喷嚏
8. 以……的速度
9. 疾病传播
10. 务必洗手

1. protect oneself 2. take over 3. in a very short time
4. unusual things 5. the muscles in the chest get tight
6. have an allergy 7. sneeze a lot 8. at a speed of
9. diseases spread 10. make/be sure to wash hands

【分析】
这道题属于基础短语汉译英题型，解题时首先结合中文语义回忆对应的英语常用固定搭配，优先选用教材中学过的地道表达，避免生硬逐字翻译：先判断每个短语的词性属性，区分动词短语、名词短语还是介词短语，注意介词的固定搭配规则，比如表示“以…速度”要搭配介词at，表示“在…时间内”搭配介词in，同时适配对应场景的通用表达，逐个对应翻译即可得到正确结果。
【解析】
我们逐个匹配中文对应的标准英语短语：
1. 动词“保护”对应protect，反身代词“自己”对应oneself，组合得到protect oneself
2. 表示“接管、掌控”的固定动词短语为take over
3. 表示“在…之内”用介词in，“非常短的时间”是a very short time，组合得到in a very short time
4. “不寻常的”是unusual，“事情”常用复数things，组合得到unusual things
5. “胸部的肌肉”是the muscles in the chest，“收缩”对应get tight，组合得到the muscles in the chest get tight
6. “过敏症”对应allergy，是可数名词，表达“有过敏症”用have an allergy
7. “打喷嚏”是sneeze，“频繁地”常用通用表达a lot修饰，组合得到sneeze a lot
8. 表示“以……的速度”的固定介词短语为at a speed of
9. “疾病”是diseases，“传播”是spread，组合得到diseases spread
10. 表示“务必”的常用表达是make sure/be sure to，“洗手”是wash hands，组合得到make/be sure to wash hands
【答案】
1. protect oneself 2. take over 3. in a very short time
4. unusual things 5. the muscles in the chest get tight
6. have an allergy 7. sneeze a lot 8. at a speed of
9. diseases spread 10. make/be sure to wash hands
【知识点】
常用短语搭配；汉译英基础；介词固定用法
【点评】
本题全部是和生活、健康场景相关的基础核心短语，主要考察学生对课内所学固定搭配的积累掌握程度，整体难度低，只要平时做好短语背诵积累，避免逐字硬译的错误，就可以顺利完成作答。
【难度系数】
0.8

阅读All About Sneezing,完成下列题目。
()1. What does sneezing help people protect themselves from?
A. Only germs. B. Germs, dust, and smoke.
C. Only dust. D. Only smoke.
()2. Who takes over when something tickles the inside of our nose?
A. Our heart. B. Our eyes.
C. Our brain. D. Our stomach.
()3. Which of the following can make some people sneeze?
A. Looking at a bright light. B. Listening to loud music.
C. Eating sweet food. D. Reading a book.
()4. What should you do after sneezing to protect others?
A. Do nothing.
B. Run away quickly.
C. Cover your nose and mouth and then wash your hands.
D. Just cover your nose.

1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C

【分析】
这是一篇科普主题的阅读理解细节题，解题时可以先明确每道题干的核心关键词，带着问题回到对应阅读文本中定位相关信息：第一题重点找打喷嚏的防御作用对应的防护对象，优先排除表述绝对片面的带"Only"的错误选项；第二题定位鼻腔受刺激后接管控制打喷嚏反射的身体器官；第三题匹配能触发打喷嚏的特殊诱因；第四题结合卫生常识和文本内容选出打喷嚏后保护他人的正确做法，逐一比对选项就能得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第一题：打喷嚏是人体的防御反射，能够帮助我们抵御病菌、灰尘、烟雾等多种外来刺激物，选项A、C、D的表述都用了"Only"，内容片面不符合事实，只有B选项表述正确。
2. 第二题：当鼻腔内部有异物发痒时，信号会传递给大脑，由大脑接管控制触发打喷嚏的反射，心脏、眼睛、胃都不参与该反射的调控，因此选C。
3. 第三题：存在光喷嚏反射的人群，看向强光的时候就会触发打喷嚏，听大声音乐、吃甜食、阅读书籍都不会诱发打喷嚏，因此选A。
4. 第四题：打喷嚏后为了避免病菌扩散传染他人，正确的做法是打喷嚏时遮挡口鼻，之后及时清洗双手，其余选项都不符合健康防护的要求，因此选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，科普常识辨析，健康卫生常识
【点评】
本题属于低难度的科普类阅读细节题，所有题目都可以通过定位文本信息结合基础生活常识快速排除错误选项，既考察了学生的信息查找匹配能力，也能帮助学生掌握和打喷嚏相关的健康小知识，实用性较强。
【难度系数】
0.9

阅读理解。
How nosebleeds(鼻出血) happen?
Nosebleeds are very common among children. They often result from activities such as blowing the nose too hard or getting hit on the nose during play. Catching colds or the flu is another reason for nosebleeds. Usually, bleeding isn't very serious and it will stop in less than ten minutes.
When nosebleeds happen?
Your child may be frightened that there is something seriously wrong. Crying may make the bleeding worse, so it is important for you to tell him / her that he / she will be fine.
How to give first aid?
Let your child sit upright(直立) and tell him / her to put his / her head down. Help your child press the sides of the nose for ten minutes. Do not stop to see if the bleeding has stopped.
If first aid works:
Rest your child for the next 12-24 hours. Tell him / her to do quiet activities such as drawing, reading a book or watching TV. Tell him / her not to take a hot shower for at least 24 hours after a nosebleed. Tell him / her not to touch or blow his / her nose for 24 hours.
If first aid doesn't work:
You'd better take him / her to hospital.
()1. How many reasons does the writer give for nosebleeds?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
()2. What does the underlined word "frightened" probably mean?
A. Scared. B. Surprised. C. Shy. D. Smart.
()3. What should you do after a nosebleed?
①draw pictures ②read books ③watch TV ④play basketball
A. ①③④ B. ①②③ C. ②③④ D. ①②④
()4. What can we learn from the passage?
A. One should often stop giving first aid to see if the bleeding has stopped.
B. One should take a hot shower as soon as the bleeding stops.
C. It's wrong to blow the nose as soon as the bleeding stops.
D. One should go to hospital right away if he / she has a nosebleed.

1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C

【分析】
解题思路如下：1. 先快速通读全文，把握文章是介绍儿童鼻出血的成因、心理安抚要点、急救方法和后续注意事项的科普内容。2. 针对每一道小题，带着题干关键词回到原文精准定位，逐一比对选项和原文信息：第1题去鼻出血成因段落数出原因的总数量；第2题结合划线词的上下文语境推测词义；第3题定位急救成功后的活动要求，排除不符合要求的选项；第4题逐个核对每个选项和原文表述是否一致，用排除法选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位文章第一段，文中提到鼻出血的三类原因：一是擤鼻涕太用力、玩耍时鼻子被撞到，二是患上感冒，三是感染流感，一共3个原因，对应选项C正确。
2. 词义猜测题：划线词frightened后说明孩子会觉得自己出了很严重的问题，哭泣还会加重出血，能看出孩子流鼻血时会感到恐慌害怕，和A选项Scared（害怕的）含义完全吻合，B惊讶、C害羞、D聪明都不符合语境，选A。
3. 细节理解题：定位"If first aid works"板块，文中明确说明止血后要做安静的活动，比如画画、读书、看电视，打篮球属于剧烈运动是被禁止的，因此①②③符合要求，选B。
4. 细节判断题：逐一核对选项：A选项和原文“按压鼻子时不要停下来查看是否止血”的表述完全相反，错误；B选项和原文“流鼻血后至少24小时不能洗热水澡”的表述相反，错误；C选项和原文“止血后24小时内不要触碰或者擤鼻子”的表述一致，说明刚止血就擤鼻子是错误行为，正确；D选项和原文只有急救无效时才需要送医的表述不符，错误。因此选C。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，词义猜测，信息筛选
【点评】
本篇是和日常生活健康相关的科普类阅读，题目以细节考查为主，难度较低，学生只要能准确定位原文对应内容就能顺利选出答案，同时还能掌握鼻出血的正确急救常识，兼具知识性和实用性。
【难度系数】
0.8