一、根据括号中的中文提示或句意,写出句中所缺单词,使句子通顺。
1. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, trade between Europe and Asia along the Silk Road began and it built a bridge between China and (西方的) countries.
2. Carolyn Bertozzi won the 2022 Nobel Prize in (化学). She is more than just a scientist, in fact.
3. Since the accident happened suddenly, Mike has (受折磨) from the terrible back pain.
4. Eating too much salt can increase the risk of many serious (疾病) like high pressure.
5. The trade from China to the West helped to spread the (普及) of tea.

1. Western 2. Chemistry 3. suffered 4. diseases 5. popularity

【分析】
做这类根据中文提示补全单词的题目，首先要通读完整句子，第一步先判断空格处所需要的词性，再对照中文提示写出对应的基础英文单词，之后结合句子的时态、固定搭配、冠词用法、名词的数等语法规则，对单词进行正确的形式变形，最后代入句子验证语义是否通顺、语法是否合规。
【解析】
1. 空格后是名词countries，需要填入形容词作定语修饰名词，中文提示“西方的”对应的形容词为Western，此处特指丝绸之路沿线的西方相关国家，首字母大写符合语境。
2. 固定表达"the Nobel Prize in + 学科"表示某领域的诺贝尔奖，中文提示“化学”对应的学科名词是Chemistry，学科类名词首字母需要大写。
3. 固定搭配suffer from表示“受……折磨、患病”，句子时态为现在完成时，结构为"has + 动词过去分词"，suffer的过去分词形式为suffered。
4. 空格前出现限定词many，后面需要接可数名词的复数形式，中文提示“疾病”对应的名词是disease，其复数变形为diseases。
5. 空格前有定冠词the，后接介词of，说明此处需要填入名词，中文提示“普及”对应的名词是popularity，符合"the popularity of..."的常用搭配。
【答案】
1. Western 2. Chemistry 3. suffered 4. diseases 5. popularity
【知识点】
单词拼写、词性转换、固定搭配
【点评】
本题侧重考查初中阶段核心词汇的掌握情况，同时融合了形容词作定语、现在完成时结构、名词单复数变化等基础语法考点，既要求学生能匹配中文含义写出对应英文单词，也要求学生结合语境调整单词的正确形式，避免出现词性、变形类错误。
【难度系数】
0.7

二、根据短文内容,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空,使短文完整通顺。
Li Lei did not know what 1 (expect) when he volunteered for the 9th Asian Winter Games Harbin 2025. Now he thinks it was 2 (amazing) experience of his life. "It's fantastic to work as a volunteer!" he says.
The Asian Winter Games give children and adults a chance to show their skills to the world. There are many events, 3 (include) snowboarding, speed skating and so on.
Over 40,000 people 4 (give) up their spare time for the 9th Asian Winter Games. It was necessary for these volunteers to receive 5 (train) before doing the tasks. Then they provided support for the athletes. It helped make the event a great success.
"I was the ski-coach for a young boy from North China called Lin Hai," says Li Lei. "He is from a small poor village. It was very brave of him to join the 6 (compete) for the first time. To Lin Hai, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver, but to take part. Lin Hai tried his best and finished 7 (three). He feels 8 (confident) now because of the Asian Winter Games."
The Asian Winter Games also bring people together. Athletes and volunteers from 34 different backgrounds feel like part of one big family. "It's great for us to work 9 (close) with these athletes. You can help them achieve their dreams," says Li Lei. For him, it was really an 10 (forget) experience in life.
1.
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1. to expect 2. the most amazing 3. including 4. gave 5. training 6. competition 7. third 8. more confident 9. closely 10. unforgettable

【分析】
这是一篇语境下的词形转换填空题，解题思路如下：首先第一步先通读全文，把握文章整体叙事背景——介绍2025年哈尔滨亚冬会志愿者的经历，整体以过去相关的叙事时态为主。之后逐空分析句子结构，先判断空格处需要填入的词性，再结合固定搭配、比较级最高级规则、派生词变化、上下文语义逻辑完成变形，最后代入所有答案通读短文验证通顺度即可。
【解析】
1. 空格前是疑问词what，此处构成“疑问词+不定式”的固定结构作动词know的宾语，表达“不知道会期待什么”，因此填to expect。
2. 空格后给出范围of his life（他的一生当中），需要用形容词最高级修饰名词experience，表达“他人生中最令人惊叹的经历”，amazing的最高级形式为the most amazing。
3. 空格后是列举的赛事名称，此处需要介词表示“包括”，动词include对应的介词形式是including。
4. 全文描述过去举办的亚冬会相关事件，时态用一般过去时，动词give的过去式为gave。
5. 动词receive后面需要接名词作宾语，表达“接受训练”，动词train对应的名词形式是training。
6. 定冠词the后面需要接名词作动词join的宾语，动词compete对应的名词“比赛”是competition。
7. 此处表达“最终获得第三名”，需要用序数词，基数词three对应的序数词是third。
8. 空格后有now，暗含和参赛前的状态对比，表达“现在更加自信了”，多音节形容词confident的比较级是more confident。
9. 此处需要副词修饰动词work，表达“和运动员紧密合作”，形容词close对应的副词形式是closely。
10. 此处修饰名词experience，结合全文语义表达“难忘的经历”，动词forget对应的形容词“难忘的”是unforgettable。
【答案】
1. to expect 2. the most amazing 3. including 4. gave 5. training 6. competition 7. third 8. more confident 9. closely 10. unforgettable
【知识点】
非谓语结构，词形转换，形容词比较等级
【点评】
本题结合亚冬会的热点真实话题命题，覆盖了初中阶段核心的词法考点，既考察学生对固定搭配、时态规则的基础掌握，也要求学生结合上下文语义判断比较级、派生词的正确形式，能有效检验学生在语境中灵活运用词汇语法的能力。
【难度系数】
0.6