训练 1 体裁：应用文 主题：科普知识 难度：★★★★ 建议用时：6 min 正确率： /5
跨学科·生物 Soft-hearted Plants
Sometimes vegetables wilt(枯萎) and get soft. Let's find out why that happens.
You will need:
A fresh cucumber, a sharp knife, two bowls, water, a vegetable peeler(削皮器), one spoon of salt.
The steps of the experiment:
1. Use your peeler to peel the cucumber and cut it into long strips(条).
2. Put strips and water in two bowls.
3. Add salt to one bowl and stir the strips until it dissolves(溶解).
4. Let bowls sit for several hours, and then examine the cucumber strips.
What happened?
Cucumber strips in salt water are soft, but the ones in plain water are crisp(脆的) and stiff.
Cucumber strips are able to take in and get rid of water. If there is more salt in the water around the strips than inside the strips, water will leave the strips. That's why the strips wilt.
If there is more salt in the strips than in the water, water will go into the strips. That's why the other strips get crisp.
1. What are needed when you do this experiment?
A. Sugar and salt.
B. Salt and cabbage.
C. A knife and a peeler.
D. Two bowls and a plate.
2. How many steps are there in this experiment?
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
3. What's the result of the experiment?
A. Cucumber strips in salt water are crisp.
B. Cucumber strips in plain water are soft.
C. Cucumber strips in both salt water and plain water are soft.
D. Cucumber strips in salt water are soft and in plain water are crisp.
4. Why do the cucumber strips become soft?
A. Because the weather is very dry.
B. Because there is more salt in the water.
C. Because there is more salt in the cucumber strips.
D. Because the sun takes in the water inside the cucumber strips.
5. In which part of a magazine can we most probably read this passage?
A. Nature.
B. Science.
C. Technology.
D. Geography.

1. C 细节理解题。根据“A fresh cucumber, a sharp knife, two bowls, water, a vegetable peeler, one spoon of salt.”可知实验中需要刀和削皮器。故选 C。
2. C 细节理解题。根据“The steps of the experiment”部分可知实验有 4 个步骤。故选 C。
3. D 细节理解题。根据“Cucumber strips in salt water are soft, but the ones in plain water are crisp and stiff.”可知盐水中黄瓜条变软，清水中保持脆硬。故选 D。
4. B 推理判断题。根据“If there is more salt in the water around the strips than inside the strips, water will leave the strips.”可知盐水浓度更高导致水分流失。故选 B。
5. B 推理判断题。结合文章内容可知，本文通过实验解释植物细胞渗透原理，属于科普知识，最可能出现在杂志的科学版块。故选 B。

【分析】
这是一篇结合生物跨学科知识的科普类应用文阅读，全部为细节理解和轻度推理题，解题思路非常清晰：首先先通读题干明确每道题的提问方向，再带着问题回到原文对应板块精准定位信息，逐一核对选项排除错误表述即可得出答案。比如第一题直接去实验材料板块核对物品，第二题直接数实验步骤的编号，第三题找实验结果的描述句，第四题定位黄瓜变软的原理说明，第五题结合全文科普实验的主题判断所属杂志版块，不需要复杂的深层推理，准确定位就能顺利解题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文"You will need"部分列出的实验材料：A fresh cucumber, a sharp knife, two bowls, water, a vegetable peeler, one spoon of salt，可知实验需要刀和削皮器。A选项的糖、B选项的卷心菜、D选项的盘子都没有在材料清单中出现，直接排除，选C。
2. 细节理解题：根据"The steps of the experiment"部分的编号1到4，可知实验一共设置了4个步骤，选C。
3. 细节理解题：根据原文"What happened?"板块的描述"Cucumber strips in salt water are soft, but the ones in plain water are crisp and stiff"，可知盐水中的黄瓜条变软，清水中的黄瓜条脆硬。A、B、C三个选项的表述都和原文内容矛盾，排除后选D。
4. 推理判断题：根据原文原理说明部分"If there is more salt in the water around the strips than inside the strips, water will leave the strips. That's why the strips wilt"，可知当黄瓜条周围的水中盐含量更高时，黄瓜内部的水分会流出，导致黄瓜条变软。A选项天气干燥、D选项太阳带走水分原文完全没有提及，C选项黄瓜条内盐更多的情况会让水分流入黄瓜，让黄瓜变脆，不符合变软的原因，排除后选B。
5. 推理判断题：本文通过小实验讲解植物细胞的渗透作用原理，属于科普知识内容，最可能出现在杂志的科学版块。A选项自然版块侧重自然生态、生物习性相关内容，C选项技术版块侧重高新科技发明应用，D选项地理版块侧重地理相关知识，均不符合本文主题，选B。
【答案】
1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，语篇题材判断，生物渗透常识
【点评】
本题属于跨学科融合的英语阅读题，整体难度适中，绝大多数题目都可以通过直接在原文定位对应信息得出答案，既考察了学生快速查找文本关键信息的阅读能力，还融入了基础生物小实验的常识，拓展学生的跨学科知识储备，做题时只要仔细核对选项和原文表述的匹配度，避免出现信息张冠李戴的低级错误，就可以顺利拿到满分。
【难度系数】
0.7