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一、阅读理解
The Sahara Desert in Northern Africa is the largest hot desert in the world. It is about 1,800 km from the north to the south and about 4,800 km from the east to the west. Temperatures can reach 58℃ in the daytime and can fall to -6℃ at night. More than 8,000 years ago, the Sahara was a rich land where farmers grew food and plants grew well. As the rainfall in the area gradually went down every year, it became a huge desert. Most areas of this desert have less than 13 cm of rain every year.
Gary Smith and a few of his brave friends decided to hike across the Sahara. Supporters in cars, who carried food and water for the group, stayed with them together.
One day, Smith walked alone and then he couldn't find the rest of the group. Even worse, he could not find out which direction to go. Then a sandstorm covered the area. When the storm was over, Smith was even more worried. In the heat that he couldn't stand, he quickly finished his water. He had to spend that night out in the open, and he almost felt he couldn't survive.
The next day, he walked on. After the second night, he started to worry about dying. He realized that his friends might not find him in time. It was late on the third day that Smith lost his sense and fell over.
When Smith awoke, he was in the car with his friends. He had been found by a group of Bedouin who were travelling in a truck. In such a large desert with the weather conditions, this made it possible for him to survive. Then the Bedouin returned to his group of friends. Smith was so lucky.
(
A. People cut down more and more plants.
B. There was less and less rain.
C. The temperature was higher and higher.
D. There were more and more visitors.
(
a. Gary Smith got lost in the desert.
b. Gary Smith fell over in the desert.
c. There was a sandstorm in the area.
d. Gary Smith was saved by some travellers.
A. a-d-b-c
B. a-d-c-b
C. a-c-b-d
D. c-b-a-d
(
A. Being in this kind of weather.
B. Travelling in a truck.
C. Returning to a group of friends.
D. Being found by Bedouin.
(
A. To encourage us to go through the Sahara.
B. To show that the Sahara is in great danger.
C. To give some basic information about the Sahara.
D. To show surviving in the Sahara can be very difficult.
The Sahara Desert in Northern Africa is the largest hot desert in the world. It is about 1,800 km from the north to the south and about 4,800 km from the east to the west. Temperatures can reach 58℃ in the daytime and can fall to -6℃ at night. More than 8,000 years ago, the Sahara was a rich land where farmers grew food and plants grew well. As the rainfall in the area gradually went down every year, it became a huge desert. Most areas of this desert have less than 13 cm of rain every year.
Gary Smith and a few of his brave friends decided to hike across the Sahara. Supporters in cars, who carried food and water for the group, stayed with them together.
One day, Smith walked alone and then he couldn't find the rest of the group. Even worse, he could not find out which direction to go. Then a sandstorm covered the area. When the storm was over, Smith was even more worried. In the heat that he couldn't stand, he quickly finished his water. He had to spend that night out in the open, and he almost felt he couldn't survive.
The next day, he walked on. After the second night, he started to worry about dying. He realized that his friends might not find him in time. It was late on the third day that Smith lost his sense and fell over.
When Smith awoke, he was in the car with his friends. He had been found by a group of Bedouin who were travelling in a truck. In such a large desert with the weather conditions, this made it possible for him to survive. Then the Bedouin returned to his group of friends. Smith was so lucky.
(
B
)1. How did the Sahara turn into a desert according to the passage?A. People cut down more and more plants.
B. There was less and less rain.
C. The temperature was higher and higher.
D. There were more and more visitors.
(
C
)2. Which of the following is the RIGHT order according to the passage?a. Gary Smith got lost in the desert.
b. Gary Smith fell over in the desert.
c. There was a sandstorm in the area.
d. Gary Smith was saved by some travellers.
A. a-d-b-c
B. a-d-c-b
C. a-c-b-d
D. c-b-a-d
(
D
)3. What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. Being in this kind of weather.
B. Travelling in a truck.
C. Returning to a group of friends.
D. Being found by Bedouin.
(
D
)4. What's the writer's purpose of writing the passage?A. To encourage us to go through the Sahara.
B. To show that the Sahara is in great danger.
C. To give some basic information about the Sahara.
D. To show surviving in the Sahara can be very difficult.
答案
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了北非的撒哈拉沙漠以及讲述了加里·史密斯和朋友们穿越撒哈拉沙漠的经历。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段“As the rainfall in the area gradually went down every year, it became a huge desert.”可知，由于降雨越来越少，所以撒哈拉变成了沙漠。故选 B。
2. C 事件排序题。根据第三段“Even worse, he could not find out which direction to go. Then a sandstorm covered the area.”可知，史密斯一个人走着，然后他找不到其他人了，他不知道该往哪个方向走，接着一场沙尘暴覆盖了这个地区，因此 a“加里·史密斯在沙漠中迷路了。”和 c“那个地区有一场沙尘暴。”分别排第一和第二；根据第四段“It was late on the third day that Smith lost his sense and fell over.”可知，第三天晚些时候，史密斯失去了知觉，摔倒了，因此 b“加里·史密斯在沙漠里摔倒了。”排第三；根据最后一段“When Smith awoke, he was in the car with his friends. He had been found by a group of Bedouin who were travelling in a truck.”可知，当史密斯醒来时，发现自己被一群乘坐卡车旅行的贝都因人救了，因此 d“加里·史密斯被一些旅行者救了。”排第四。所以顺序为：a - c - b - d。故选 C。
3. D 代词指代题。根据最后一段“He had been found by a group of Bedouin who were travelling in a truck. In such a large desert with the weather conditions, this made it possible for him to survive.”可知，在这样一个气候条件恶劣的大沙漠里，如果不是一群乘坐卡车旅行的贝都因人救他，他不可能生存下来。据此可以推断“this”指代的是“被贝都因人发现”。故选 D。
4. D 写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文首段介绍了北非的撒哈拉沙漠残酷的自然环境，后面几段讲述了加里·史密斯和朋友们穿越撒哈拉沙漠的经历；因此可推测作者写这篇文章的目的是证明撒哈拉沙漠的自然环境十分恶劣，生存是很有挑战性的。故选 D。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段“As the rainfall in the area gradually went down every year, it became a huge desert.”可知，由于降雨越来越少，所以撒哈拉变成了沙漠。故选 B。
2. C 事件排序题。根据第三段“Even worse, he could not find out which direction to go. Then a sandstorm covered the area.”可知，史密斯一个人走着，然后他找不到其他人了，他不知道该往哪个方向走，接着一场沙尘暴覆盖了这个地区，因此 a“加里·史密斯在沙漠中迷路了。”和 c“那个地区有一场沙尘暴。”分别排第一和第二；根据第四段“It was late on the third day that Smith lost his sense and fell over.”可知，第三天晚些时候，史密斯失去了知觉，摔倒了，因此 b“加里·史密斯在沙漠里摔倒了。”排第三；根据最后一段“When Smith awoke, he was in the car with his friends. He had been found by a group of Bedouin who were travelling in a truck.”可知，当史密斯醒来时，发现自己被一群乘坐卡车旅行的贝都因人救了，因此 d“加里·史密斯被一些旅行者救了。”排第四。所以顺序为：a - c - b - d。故选 C。
3. D 代词指代题。根据最后一段“He had been found by a group of Bedouin who were travelling in a truck. In such a large desert with the weather conditions, this made it possible for him to survive.”可知，在这样一个气候条件恶劣的大沙漠里，如果不是一群乘坐卡车旅行的贝都因人救他，他不可能生存下来。据此可以推断“this”指代的是“被贝都因人发现”。故选 D。
4. D 写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文首段介绍了北非的撒哈拉沙漠残酷的自然环境，后面几段讲述了加里·史密斯和朋友们穿越撒哈拉沙漠的经历；因此可推测作者写这篇文章的目的是证明撒哈拉沙漠的自然环境十分恶劣，生存是很有挑战性的。故选 D。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇关于撒哈拉沙漠和人类穿越沙漠遇险获救的记叙文阅读理解。解题时，先通读全文，明确文章分为两部分：第一部分介绍撒哈拉沙漠的基本地理气候与形成原因，第二部分讲述Gary Smith穿越沙漠遇险并获救的经历。再针对不同题型采用对应方法：
1. 细节题（第1题）：回到原文定位撒哈拉形成沙漠的相关语句，匹配选项；
2. 事件排序题（第2题）：在原文中找到每个事件的出现位置，按时间线梳理先后顺序，对应选项；
3. 代词指代题（第3题）：结合划线词前一句的内容，判断代词指代的具体信息；
4. 写作意图题（第4题）：结合全文内容，分析作者介绍沙漠环境与遇险经历的核心目的。
【解析】
1. 第1题：细节理解题。根据第一段“As the rainfall in the area gradually went down every year, it became a huge desert.”可知，撒哈拉地区每年降雨量逐渐减少，最终形成沙漠，对应选项B。
2. 第2题：事件排序题。根据文章内容梳理顺序：
第三段“One day, Smith walked alone and then he couldn't find the rest of the group.”对应事件a：Gary Smith在沙漠中迷路；
第三段“Then a sandstorm covered the area.”对应事件c：该地区遭遇沙尘暴；
第四段“It was late on the third day that Smith lost his sense and fell over.”对应事件b：Gary Smith在沙漠中摔倒；
第五段“He had been found by a group of Bedouin who were travelling in a truck.”对应事件d：Gary Smith被旅行者救起。
因此事件顺序为a-c-b-d，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：代词指代题。根据第五段“He had been found by a group of Bedouin who were travelling in a truck. In such a large desert with the weather conditions, this made it possible for him to survive.”可知，在恶劣环境的沙漠中，是被贝都因人发现这件事让他得以存活，所以“this”指代“被贝都因人发现”，对应选项D。
4. 第4题：写作意图题。文章第一段介绍了撒哈拉沙漠极端恶劣的环境，后续段落讲述了Gary Smith在沙漠中遇险、险些丧生的经历，由此可知作者想表明在撒哈拉沙漠生存是非常艰难的，对应选项D。
【答案】
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. D
【知识点】
细节信息定位、事件顺序梳理、代词指代判断
【点评】
本文结合地理常识与真人历险经历，既考查对文章细节的抓取能力，也考查对文章主旨、指代内容的理解能力。解题需紧扣原文，针对不同题型运用对应阅读技巧，精准定位关键信息。
【难度系数】
0.3
这是一篇关于撒哈拉沙漠和人类穿越沙漠遇险获救的记叙文阅读理解。解题时，先通读全文，明确文章分为两部分：第一部分介绍撒哈拉沙漠的基本地理气候与形成原因，第二部分讲述Gary Smith穿越沙漠遇险并获救的经历。再针对不同题型采用对应方法：
1. 细节题（第1题）：回到原文定位撒哈拉形成沙漠的相关语句，匹配选项；
2. 事件排序题（第2题）：在原文中找到每个事件的出现位置，按时间线梳理先后顺序，对应选项；
3. 代词指代题（第3题）：结合划线词前一句的内容，判断代词指代的具体信息；
4. 写作意图题（第4题）：结合全文内容，分析作者介绍沙漠环境与遇险经历的核心目的。
【解析】
1. 第1题：细节理解题。根据第一段“As the rainfall in the area gradually went down every year, it became a huge desert.”可知，撒哈拉地区每年降雨量逐渐减少，最终形成沙漠，对应选项B。
2. 第2题：事件排序题。根据文章内容梳理顺序：
第三段“One day, Smith walked alone and then he couldn't find the rest of the group.”对应事件a：Gary Smith在沙漠中迷路；
第三段“Then a sandstorm covered the area.”对应事件c：该地区遭遇沙尘暴；
第四段“It was late on the third day that Smith lost his sense and fell over.”对应事件b：Gary Smith在沙漠中摔倒；
第五段“He had been found by a group of Bedouin who were travelling in a truck.”对应事件d：Gary Smith被旅行者救起。
因此事件顺序为a-c-b-d，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：代词指代题。根据第五段“He had been found by a group of Bedouin who were travelling in a truck. In such a large desert with the weather conditions, this made it possible for him to survive.”可知，在恶劣环境的沙漠中，是被贝都因人发现这件事让他得以存活，所以“this”指代“被贝都因人发现”，对应选项D。
4. 第4题：写作意图题。文章第一段介绍了撒哈拉沙漠极端恶劣的环境，后续段落讲述了Gary Smith在沙漠中遇险、险些丧生的经历，由此可知作者想表明在撒哈拉沙漠生存是非常艰难的，对应选项D。
【答案】
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. D
【知识点】
细节信息定位、事件顺序梳理、代词指代判断
【点评】
本文结合地理常识与真人历险经历，既考查对文章细节的抓取能力，也考查对文章主旨、指代内容的理解能力。解题需紧扣原文，针对不同题型运用对应阅读技巧，精准定位关键信息。
【难度系数】
0.3
