2026年阳光学业评价八年级英语下册沪教版第146页答案
第三节 听取信息,每空仅填一词或数字(每小题1分,共5分)

Astronaut Yang Liwei
|Basic information|As a young boy, he loved looking at the sky and dreamed of A.
flying
. Later, he became an excellent pilot in the People's Liberation Army Air Force.|
| ---- | ---- |
|The Shenzhou-5 Mission|On October 15, 2003, he was B.
chosen
to be China's very first astronaut to go to space in the Shenzhou-5 spaceship.
He flew around the Earth C.
14
times in about 21 hours.
His successful trip to space made the whole country D.
proud
.|
|Contribution|He helped train many new astronauts for China's future space missions. He is a true E.
pioneer
.|

答案

A. flying B. chosen C. 14 D. proud E. pioneer

解析

【分析】
本题是听取信息题,需结合杨利伟的相关常识和语境填写内容。A空:根据杨利伟的童年爱好及航天职业,“梦想着……”后接动名词,对应他的航天相关行为;B空:结合语境“被选为中国首位航天员”,需用被动语态结构;C空:神舟五号绕地球飞行的圈数为常识;D空:成功的太空之旅会让国家产生的情绪;E空:结合他的贡献,对应合适的名词。
【解析】
A. dream of后接动名词,结合杨利伟的航天经历,此处填flying;
B. 此处是被动语态“被选为”,结构为be chosen to be,故填chosen;
C. 根据航天常识,神舟五号约21小时绕地球14圈,故填14;
D. 成功的太空任务让全国人民感到骄傲,make sb + adj结构,故填proud;
E. 结合他培养新航天员的贡献,他是真正的先驱,故填pioneer。
【答案】
A. flying B. chosen C. 14 D. proud E. pioneer
【知识点】
英语词汇运用;听力信息提取;常识运用
【点评】
本题为基础听取信息题,结合人物常识和语境即可完成填写,考查学生对人物相关信息的掌握及英语基础运用能力,难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
第一节 语音(每小题1分,共10分)
A. 找出下列单词中画线部分的发音与其他不同的单词。
11. A. destroy B. point C. joy D. force
12. A. stick B. hit C. shy D. gym
13. A. mistake B. handsome C. stage D. graduate
14. A. probable B. official C. observe D. recognize
15. A. beef B. disease C. meaning D. pleasant
B. 找出下列单词中重读音节与其他不同的单词。
16. A. seafood B. probable C. select D. rosy
17. A. deliver B. temperature C. element D. priceless
18. A. average B. poetry C. typical D. direction
19. A. mighty B. alone C. supply D. abroad
20. A. behaviour B. permission C. creative D. spaceflight

答案

11.D 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.A 20.D

解析

【分析】
本题分为两部分,A部分(11-15)要求找出单词中画线部分发音不同的选项,需逐一分析每个选项画线字母/字母组合的发音,对比后确定不同项;B部分(16-20)要求找出重读音节位置不同的单词,需明确每个单词的重音位置(首音节、次音节等),对比后选出不同项。解题时需牢记常见字母及字母组合的发音规则、单词重音的一般规律(如双音节词多数重音在首音节,部分在次音节;多音节词重音位置的常见情况)。
【解析】
11. A. destroy中画线部分发音为/ɔɪ/;B. point中画线部分发音为/ɔɪ/;C. joy中画线部分发音为/ɔɪ/;D. force中画线部分发音为/ɔː/,故选D。
12. A. stick中画线部分发音为/ɪ/;B. hit中画线部分发音为/ɪ/;C. shy中画线部分发音为/aɪ/;D. gym中画线部分发音为/ɪ/,故选C。
13. A. mistake中画线部分发音为/ə/;B. handsome中画线部分发音为/æ/;C. stage中画线部分发音为/eɪ/;D. graduate中画线部分发音为/ə/,故选B。
14. A. probable中画线部分发音为/ɒ/;B. official中画线部分发音为/ə/;C. observe中画线部分发音为/ə/;D. recognize中画线部分发音为/ə/,故选A。
15. A. beef中画线部分发音为/iː/;B. disease中画线部分发音为/iː/;C. meaning中画线部分发音为/iː/;D. pleasant中画线部分发音为/e/,故选D。
16. A. seafood重音在首音节;B. probable重音在首音节;C. select重音在次音节;D. rosy重音在首音节,故选C。
17. A. deliver重音在次音节;B. temperature重音在首音节;C. element重音在首音节;D. priceless重音在首音节,故选A。
18. A. average重音在首音节;B. poetry重音在首音节;C. typical重音在首音节;D. direction重音在次音节,故选D。
19. A. mighty重音在首音节;B. alone重音在次音节;C. supply重音在次音节;D. abroad重音在次音节,故选A。
20. A. behaviour重音在次音节;B. permission重音在次音节;C. creative重音在次音节;D. spaceflight重音在首音节,故选D。
【答案】11.D 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.A 20.D
【知识点】英语元音发音、英语重读音节判断
【点评】本题考查英语语音基础中的元音发音规则和单词重音位置,是初中英语核心考点,需熟练掌握常见字母及组合的发音、双音节/多音节词的重音规律,整体难度适中,适合基础阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】0.6
第二节 语法选择(每小题1分,共10分)
Have you ever thought about growing food in space? It's not just
21
idea—scientists are trying to do it!
But space is a strange place for plants. There is no gravity,
22
water floats away. There is no soil or sunlight inside a spaceship, either.
23
these problems, astronauts use special "space gardens". These are small boxes with LED lights that act like the Sun. They give the plants the right colour of light to grow. Instead of soil, plants grow in a special material that holds water and nutrients. The water
24
to the roots very carefully so it doesn't float away.
Why do astronauts grow food in space? First,
25
plants in space is very important for future explorations. If astronauts travel to Mars or live on the Moon, they
26
fresh food. Fresh vegetables make
27
meals healthier and tastier. Second, plants clean the air by taking in CO₂ and giving out oxygen. Third, taking care of plants
28
also be good for astronauts' mental health. It is a relaxing and happy activity during a long, quiet space trip.
On the International Space Station, astronauts have
29
grown lettuce, peas, and even pretty flowers. It turns
30
that growing food in space is possible. In the future, these small gardens could become big farms on other planets.
21. A. a B. an C. the D. /
22. A. if B. but C. when D. so
23. A. Solve B. Solving C. To solve D. Solved
24. A. is given B. was given C. gives D. give
25. A. growing B. grow C. grew D. grows
26. A. needs B. needed C. will need D. need
27. A. they B. them C. their D. theirs
28. A. should B. need C. must D. can
29. A. success B. succeed C. successful D. successfully
30. A. on B. out C. down D. to

答案

21.B 22.D 23.C 24.A 25.A 26.C 27.C 28.D 29.D 30.B

解析

【分析】
先通读全文,理解文章关于太空种植食物的科普语境,再逐个分析每小题的语法考点与语境逻辑:需结合冠词用法、连词逻辑关系、非谓语动词功能、被动语态、时态规则、代词/副词用法及固定搭配,逐一判断每个空的正确选项。
【解析】
21. 句意:这不是一个想法。idea是可数名词单数,且以元音音素开头,表泛指,用不定冠词an,选B;
22. 句意:没有重力,所以水会飘走。前后句为因果关系,so表“所以”,选D;
23. 句意:为解决这些问题,宇航员使用特殊“太空花园”。此处表目的,用不定式作目的状语,选C;
24. 句意:水被小心供给根部以免飘走。water与give是被动关系,且为一般现在时,用is given,选A;
25. 句意:在太空种植物对未来探索很重要。动名词短语作主语,谓语为is,选growing,A;
26. 句意:如果宇航员去火星/住月球,他们会需要新鲜食物。if引导条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”,主句用一般将来时,选will need,C;
27. 句意:新鲜蔬菜让他们的餐食更健康。修饰名词meals,用形容词性物主代词their,选C;
28. 句意:照顾植物也能对宇航员心理健康有益。此处表“能够”,用情态动词can,选D;
29. 句意:宇航员成功种植了生菜等。修饰动词grown,用副词successfully,选D;
30. 句意:结果证明太空种食物是可能的。固定搭配turn out that,选B;
【答案】
21.B 22.D 23.C 24.A 25.A 26.C 27.C 28.D 29.D 30.B
【知识点】
冠词用法、连词与非谓语动词、被动语态与时态
【点评】
本题围绕太空种植的科普语境,综合考查初中英语核心语法点,涵盖冠词、连词、非谓语动词、被动语态、时态、代词、副词及固定搭配,既检验语法规则运用,又结合科技话题,难度适中,适合初中阶段学生巩固语法综合能力。
【难度系数】
0.6