2026年经纶学典5星学霸八年级英语下册译林版第142页答案
 4 :  :  : ★★★★ : 6 min : /10
good back when under write invite island treasure introduce belong to
There are so many science fiction fans in the world. I am one of them. But I don't like the books 1 by modern writers. Instead, I think the classic ones are much 2. Recently I have read a book called 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. Here is the story.
In 1866, some people found a monster(怪物) in the sea. They thought it might be a kind of whale, and they 3 the scientist Pierre Aronnax to join them to catch the monster. 4 Pierre got close to the monster, he found that it was not a whale, but a ship that could travel 5 the sea.
The ship 6 Nemo. He built this amazing ship on a(n) 7 in the sea. The ship could get energy from the sea water, so it could run all the time. Nemo 8 Pierre to his workers in the ship and took him on a great trip under the sea. On their way, they also looked for 9 in the sea. Nemo gave it to people on land to help them live a better life.
In the end Pierre got 10 to his home. He wrote a book to tell people about his great adventure under the sea.
1.
written
2.
better
3.
invited
4.
When
5.
under

6.
belonged to
7.
island
8.
introduced
9.
treasure
10.
back

答案

训练 4 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了作者喜欢的一本科幻小说《海底两万里》。
1. written 根据“by modern writers”可知,这里是“我”不喜欢现代作家写的书。此处应填入动词 write 的过去分词 written,作后置定语,修饰 books,表示被动关系,即书被写。故填 written。
2. better 根据“I think the classic ones are much”可知,此处应填入形容词 good 的比较级 better,表示经典的书更好。故填 better。
3. invited 根据“the scientist Pierre Aronnax”可知,他们邀请科学家 Pierre Aronnax 加入他们去抓住这个怪物,此处应填入动词 invite 表示邀请,时态为一般过去时。故填 invited。
4. When 根据“Pierre got close to the monster”可知,此处应填入连词 when,表示“当……时”,句子开头,首字母大写。故填 When。
5. under 根据“the sea”可知,这里是一艘可以在海下航行的船,此处应填入介词 under,表示“在……下”。故填 under。
6. belonged to 根据句意可知,这艘船属于 Nemo,短语“属于”的英文是“belong to”,本篇的时态主要为一般过去时,故填 belonged to。
7. island 根据“in the sea”可知,这里是在海上的一座岛上建造了这艘神奇的船,此处应填入名词 island,表示岛屿。故填 island。
8. introduced 根据“Pierre to his workers in the ship”可知,这里是 Nemo 把 Pierre 介绍给船里的工人,此处应填入动词 introduce,表示介绍,时态为一般过去时。故填 introduced。
9. treasure 根据“they also looked for … in the sea”可知,此处应填入名词 treasure,表示宝藏。故填 treasure。
10. back 根据“to his home”可知,Pierre 回到了家。get back 意为“返回”。故填 back。

解析

【分析】
本题为英语完形填空题,需结合语境、语法结构、词汇含义及时态规则解题。首先通读全文把握语篇大意,再逐句分析每个空格的词性需求、上下文逻辑,结合给定词汇(good、back、when、under、write、invite、island、treasure、introduce、belong to)确定答案,同时注意动词时态变化、形容词比较级、介词用法等细节。
【解析】
1. 空格后有“by modern writers”表被动,需用write的过去分词written作后置定语修饰books,意为“现代作家写的书”;
2. 句中“much”修饰形容词比较级,结合语境“经典书籍更好”,用good的比较级better;
3. 结合句意“邀请科学家加入”,时态为一般过去时,故用invite的过去式invited;
4. 需连词引导时间状语从句,表“当……时”,首字母大写,填When;
5. 结合后文“under the sea”及语境,表“在海下航行”,填介词under;
6. 短语belong to表“属于”,时态为一般过去时,故填belonged to;
7. 句意“在海上的岛上建造船”,填名词island;
8. 固定搭配introduce sb. to sb.(把某人介绍给某人),时态为一般过去时,填introduced;
9. 结合语境“寻找宝藏”,填名词treasure;
10. 固定搭配get back to(返回),填back。
【答案】
1. written 2. better 3. invited 4. When 5. under 6. belonged to 7. island 8. introduced 9. treasure 10. back
【知识点】
英语完形填空、动词时态、形容词比较级
【点评】
本题围绕文学名著主题展开,考查基础词汇运用、语法规则及固定搭配,需学生结合语篇逻辑分析,难度适中,适合巩固英语基础知识。
【难度系数】
0.4
 5 :  : 难度: ★★★★★ : 6 min: /5
affect include control cut down depend on
Forests are often called the "lungs of the Earth" because they play a vital role in regulating our planet's climate. Every day, trees absorb massive amounts of carbon dioxide through photosynthesis, converting it into oxygen for humans and animals 1. Beyond this critical function, forests serve as a habitat for over 80% of terrestrial biodiversity(生物多样性), 2 endangered species like the orangutan and Bengal tiger. Yet despite their importance, deforestation(森林砍伐) continues at an alarming rate—nearly 10 million hectares of forests are lost annually. When trees 3, not only do these species lose their homes, but they also face the risk of extinction. Deforestation can 4 far beyond wildlife. Forests act as natural barriers which 5 soil erosion(侵蚀) and help maintain groundwater tables, ensuring clean water supplies for communities.
1.
to depend on
2.
including
3.
are cut down
4.
affect
5.
control

答案

训练 5 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍森林对生态意义重大,砍伐森林危害多、难恢复。
1. to depend on 根据“converting it into oxygen for humans and animals”可知树木通过光合作用吸收大量的二氧化碳,将其转化为人类和动物赖以生存的氧气;“for humans and animals to depend on”作后置定语,修饰“oxygen”,此处用不定式作目的状语,表示氧气是“被依赖的”对象,故填 to depend on。
2. including 根据“Beyond this critical function, forests serve as a habitat for over 80% of terrestrial biodiversity”可知,前半句已有谓语动词“serve”,空处需补充说明“生物多样性包含红毛猩猩、孟加拉虎等濒危物种”,不能再用动词原形(避免双谓语);including“包括”是现在分词,可作伴随状语表主动包含,“including endangered species”能精准补充生物多样性涵盖的具体物种,符合语法规则与语境。故填 including。
3. are cut down 根据“nearly 10 million hectares of forests are lost annually”可知,后文“这些物种失去家园”的前提是“树木被砍伐导致森林消失”,cut down“砍伐”符合语境,“trees are cut down”表示“树木被砍伐”,是森林消失的直接原因。故填 are cut down。
4. affect 根据“Deforestation can … wildlife.”(前文隐含毁林对野生动物的影响)可知,后文“影响土壤侵蚀、地下水位等”的前提是“毁林的影响范围远超野生动物”,affect“影响”符合语境,“affect far beyond wildlife”表示“影响远超野生动物”,衔接不同维度的影响。故填 affect。
5. control 根据“Forests act as natural barriers”可知,后文“维护地下水位、保障清洁水源”的前提是“森林这一天然屏障能干预水土流失”,control“控制”符合语境,“control soil erosion”表示“控制水土流失”,体现天然屏障的生态作用。故填 control。

解析

【分析】首先通读全文,明确文章主题是介绍森林的生态意义及砍伐森林的危害,结合给出的5个词汇(affect、include、control、cut down、depend on),分析每个空的语境、语法结构,判断所需词汇的形式(如非谓语动词、被动语态、动词原形等),再匹配语义完成填空。
【解析】1. 根据“converting it into oxygen for humans and animals”可知,树木通过光合作用将二氧化碳转化为人类和动物赖以生存的氧气,此处用不定式作后置定语修饰“oxygen”,表示氧气的用途,故填to depend on。
2. 前半句已有谓语动词“serve”,空处需补充说明生物多样性包含的濒危物种,不能用动词原形,现在分词including可作伴随状语表主动包含,符合语境,故填including。
3. 前文提到森林砍伐严重,后文说物种失去家园,可知此处是“树木被砍伐”,用一般现在时的被动语态,故填are cut down。
4. 前文讲毁林对野生动物的影响,后文说影响土壤侵蚀等,情态动词can后接动词原形,此处表示“影响远超野生动物”,故填affect。
5. 森林是天然屏障,能控制水土流失,此处用动词原形,符合“control soil erosion”的搭配,体现森林的生态作用,故填control。
【答案】1. to depend on;2. including;3. are cut down;4. affect;5. control
【知识点】英语词汇运用、非谓语动词、被动语态
【点评】本题为说明文语境下的选词填空题,围绕环境保护主题,考查学生对词汇的语境运用能力,需结合句子语法结构和上下文逻辑选择合适的词汇形式,是需细致分析的基础题型。
【难度系数】0.4