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训练1 体裁：说明文 主题：人与动物 难度：★★★★ 建议用时：8 min 正确率：/4
（原创）Scientists and birdwatchers are joining a hunt to find some of the rarest birds on Earth. The Search for Lost Birds list, released(发布) in December 2021, includes 10 birds that have not been seen in nature for at least 10 years. The list is a joint project between three nature organizations—American Bird Conservancy, BirdLife International, and Re:wild.
The birds on the list have not been seen for many years but have not yet been ruled extinct(灭绝). Their long disappearances could be because there have been no studies in the areas where they live or simply because scientists don't know where or how to find them. If the birds have become rarer or gone extinct, it could be for many reasons, including hunting, human destruction, changes to their natural habitats, or climate change.
The list includes the Himalayan quail, last seen in India in 1877; the Cuban kite, last seen in 2010 on the island of Cuba; the South Island kokako from New Zealand, last seen in 2007; and the Vilcabamba brush-finch, last seen in 1968 in Peru. Two expeditions(探险队) planned to find the Siau scops-owl(last seen in 1866 in Indonesia), and the dusky tetraka(last spotted on Madagascar, an island off the coast of south-east Africa, in 1999).
If any of these lost species(物种) are spotted, it's hoped that ways can be found to protect them and help their numbers grow. This has happened with birds such as Brazil's blue-eyed ground-dove and the Madagascar pochard—a once-lost species whose numbers are now enlarging.
"These top 10 lost birds are really just the most extreme examples of gaps in our knowledge about birds," said John C. Mittermeier of American Bird Conservancy. "But there are many mysteries to solve and findings to contribute that are quite useful for science and protection."
1. Which of the following may cause the extinction of the birds on the list? ＞＞ 直接理解题
①hunting ②no studies ③climate change ④habitat change ⑤food shortage
A. ①②③ B. ①③④ C. ①②③④ D. ①③④⑤
2. What does the underlined word "spotted" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Found. B. Caught.
C. Discussed. D. Reported.
3. Which of the following is TRUE? ＞＞ 判断正误题
A. Among the birds on the list, Himalayan quail hasn't been seen for the longest time.
B. Scientists made two organized trips to find the Siau scops-owl and the dusky tetraka.
C. The last time people saw the Cuban kite was over 10 years ago on the island of New Zealand.
D. American Bird Conservancy and BirdLife International released the Search for Lost Birds list.
4. Why are Brazil's blue-eyed ground-dove and the Madagascar pochard mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A. To show it's important for people to protect lost birds.
B. To show it's possible for scientists to find lost species.
C. To show that the numbers of the two species are growing.
D. To show that lost species can be protected if scientists find them.
（原创）Scientists and birdwatchers are joining a hunt to find some of the rarest birds on Earth. The Search for Lost Birds list, released(发布) in December 2021, includes 10 birds that have not been seen in nature for at least 10 years. The list is a joint project between three nature organizations—American Bird Conservancy, BirdLife International, and Re:wild.
The birds on the list have not been seen for many years but have not yet been ruled extinct(灭绝). Their long disappearances could be because there have been no studies in the areas where they live or simply because scientists don't know where or how to find them. If the birds have become rarer or gone extinct, it could be for many reasons, including hunting, human destruction, changes to their natural habitats, or climate change.
The list includes the Himalayan quail, last seen in India in 1877; the Cuban kite, last seen in 2010 on the island of Cuba; the South Island kokako from New Zealand, last seen in 2007; and the Vilcabamba brush-finch, last seen in 1968 in Peru. Two expeditions(探险队) planned to find the Siau scops-owl(last seen in 1866 in Indonesia), and the dusky tetraka(last spotted on Madagascar, an island off the coast of south-east Africa, in 1999).
If any of these lost species(物种) are spotted, it's hoped that ways can be found to protect them and help their numbers grow. This has happened with birds such as Brazil's blue-eyed ground-dove and the Madagascar pochard—a once-lost species whose numbers are now enlarging.
"These top 10 lost birds are really just the most extreme examples of gaps in our knowledge about birds," said John C. Mittermeier of American Bird Conservancy. "But there are many mysteries to solve and findings to contribute that are quite useful for science and protection."
1. Which of the following may cause the extinction of the birds on the list? ＞＞ 直接理解题
①hunting ②no studies ③climate change ④habitat change ⑤food shortage
A. ①②③ B. ①③④ C. ①②③④ D. ①③④⑤
2. What does the underlined word "spotted" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Found. B. Caught.
C. Discussed. D. Reported.
3. Which of the following is TRUE? ＞＞ 判断正误题
A. Among the birds on the list, Himalayan quail hasn't been seen for the longest time.
B. Scientists made two organized trips to find the Siau scops-owl and the dusky tetraka.
C. The last time people saw the Cuban kite was over 10 years ago on the island of New Zealand.
D. American Bird Conservancy and BirdLife International released the Search for Lost Birds list.
4. Why are Brazil's blue-eyed ground-dove and the Madagascar pochard mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A. To show it's important for people to protect lost birds.
B. To show it's possible for scientists to find lost species.
C. To show that the numbers of the two species are growing.
D. To show that lost species can be protected if scientists find them.
答案
1. B 细节理解题。根据第二段“If the birds have become rarer or gone extinct, it could be for many reasons, including hunting, human destruction, changes to their natural habitats, or climate change.”可知狩猎、栖息地的变化或气候变化会导致鸟类灭绝。故选 B。 ＞＞ 直接理解题
易错点拨
学生易根据第二段“Their long disappearances could be because there have been no studies in the areas where they live”错选 C 项。没有科学研究是鸟类长期失踪的原因,而不是鸟类灭绝的原因。
干扰项分析
②文不对题;⑤无中生有。
2. A 词义猜测题。根据上文“last seen in 1866 in Indonesia”和下文“If any of these lost species are spotted, it's hoped that ways can be found to protect them and help their numbers grow.”可推知“spotted”与“found”意思相近。故选 A。
3. B 细节理解题。根据第三段“Two expeditions planned to find the Siau scops-owl ... and the dusky tetraka ...”可知两支探险队计划寻找锡奥角鸮和暗色旋木鹎。故选 B。 ＞＞ 判断正误题
干扰项分析
A 项偷换概念;C 项正误并存;D 项无中生有。
4. D 推理判断题。根据第四段“If any of these lost species are spotted, it's hoped that ways can be found to protect them and help their numbers grow.”可知文章提及蓝眼地鸠和马岛潜鸭是为了证明上文的观点,即如果能找到这些消失的鸟类,就有希望找到保护它们的方法。故选 D。
易错点拨
学生易根据第二段“Their long disappearances could be because there have been no studies in the areas where they live”错选 C 项。没有科学研究是鸟类长期失踪的原因,而不是鸟类灭绝的原因。
干扰项分析
②文不对题;⑤无中生有。
2. A 词义猜测题。根据上文“last seen in 1866 in Indonesia”和下文“If any of these lost species are spotted, it's hoped that ways can be found to protect them and help their numbers grow.”可推知“spotted”与“found”意思相近。故选 A。
3. B 细节理解题。根据第三段“Two expeditions planned to find the Siau scops-owl ... and the dusky tetraka ...”可知两支探险队计划寻找锡奥角鸮和暗色旋木鹎。故选 B。 ＞＞ 判断正误题
干扰项分析
A 项偷换概念;C 项正误并存;D 项无中生有。
4. D 推理判断题。根据第四段“If any of these lost species are spotted, it's hoped that ways can be found to protect them and help their numbers grow.”可知文章提及蓝眼地鸠和马岛潜鸭是为了证明上文的观点,即如果能找到这些消失的鸟类,就有希望找到保护它们的方法。故选 D。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇围绕“失踪鸟类”展开的说明文，共4道题，分别考查直接理解、词义猜测、细节判断、推理能力。解题思路：1. 第1题需定位原文第二段，区分“鸟类长期失踪的原因”与“灭绝原因”，提取对应原因选答案；2. 第2题结合上下文“last seen”及“保护失踪物种”的语境，推断划线词含义；3. 第3题将每个选项与原文逐一核对，排除偷换概念、无中生有的错误选项；4. 第4题需结合第四段核心观点，分析举例的作用。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段“ If the birds have become rarer or gone extinct, it could be for many reasons, including hunting, human destruction, changes to their natural habitats, or climate change.”，可知导致鸟类灭绝的原因是①狩猎、③气候变化、④栖息地变化；②“没有研究”是鸟类长期失踪的原因，并非灭绝原因；⑤“食物短缺”原文未提及，故排除含②或⑤的选项，选B。
2. 第2题：根据第三段“last seen in 1866 in Indonesia”及第四段“If any of these lost species are spotted, it's hoped that ways can be found to protect them and help their numbers grow.”，可推知spotted意为“被发现”，与A项Found含义相近，故选A。
3. 第3题：逐一核对选项：A项，喜马拉雅鹌鹑1877年被最后看到，还有1866年的锡奥角鸮，故A错误；B项，第三段明确提到“Two expeditions planned to find the Siau scops-owl... and the dusky tetraka...”，故B正确；C项，古巴鸢最后出现地是古巴，并非新西兰，故C错误；D项，发布名单的是三个自然组织，而非两个，故D错误，选B。
4. 第4题：第四段核心观点是“若找到失踪物种，可采取保护措施使其数量增长”，提及蓝眼地鸠和马岛潜鸭是为了证明这一观点，即找到后可保护，故选D。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D
【知识点】
阅读理解 词义猜测 细节理解
【点评】
本文旨在介绍“失踪鸟类”名单及相关保护意义，考查学生对说明文信息的提取、词义推断、细节判断和逻辑推理能力，解题时需注意区分原文中易混淆的概念（如鸟类失踪原因与灭绝原因），仔细比对选项与原文内容。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇围绕“失踪鸟类”展开的说明文，共4道题，分别考查直接理解、词义猜测、细节判断、推理能力。解题思路：1. 第1题需定位原文第二段，区分“鸟类长期失踪的原因”与“灭绝原因”，提取对应原因选答案；2. 第2题结合上下文“last seen”及“保护失踪物种”的语境，推断划线词含义；3. 第3题将每个选项与原文逐一核对，排除偷换概念、无中生有的错误选项；4. 第4题需结合第四段核心观点，分析举例的作用。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段“ If the birds have become rarer or gone extinct, it could be for many reasons, including hunting, human destruction, changes to their natural habitats, or climate change.”，可知导致鸟类灭绝的原因是①狩猎、③气候变化、④栖息地变化；②“没有研究”是鸟类长期失踪的原因，并非灭绝原因；⑤“食物短缺”原文未提及，故排除含②或⑤的选项，选B。
2. 第2题：根据第三段“last seen in 1866 in Indonesia”及第四段“If any of these lost species are spotted, it's hoped that ways can be found to protect them and help their numbers grow.”，可推知spotted意为“被发现”，与A项Found含义相近，故选A。
3. 第3题：逐一核对选项：A项，喜马拉雅鹌鹑1877年被最后看到，还有1866年的锡奥角鸮，故A错误；B项，第三段明确提到“Two expeditions planned to find the Siau scops-owl... and the dusky tetraka...”，故B正确；C项，古巴鸢最后出现地是古巴，并非新西兰，故C错误；D项，发布名单的是三个自然组织，而非两个，故D错误，选B。
4. 第4题：第四段核心观点是“若找到失踪物种，可采取保护措施使其数量增长”，提及蓝眼地鸠和马岛潜鸭是为了证明这一观点，即找到后可保护，故选D。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D
【知识点】
阅读理解 词义猜测 细节理解
【点评】
本文旨在介绍“失踪鸟类”名单及相关保护意义，考查学生对说明文信息的提取、词义推断、细节判断和逻辑推理能力，解题时需注意区分原文中易混淆的概念（如鸟类失踪原因与灭绝原因），仔细比对选项与原文内容。
【难度系数】
0.6
