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四、词汇运用。
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
Lu Xun is one of the greatest Chinese writers of the 20th century. Besides his famous stories, he also wrote many influential(有很大影响的) articles about the life of Chinese people.
Born into a w 1 family in 1881, Lu Xun had a happy childhood. U 2, his father became seriously ill and died in 1896. From then on, his family members were no longer accepted by their relatives and friends. These early e 3 deeply influenced his writing.
In 1899, he already believed that Chinese society had to c 4 and become modern. In 1902, he went to study in Japan. There, he began writing articles for several magazines which were set up by Chinese students to make a l 5. He showed a g 6 for writing and translating and he even wrote several books, though none was popular. He returned to China in 1909 because his family was in need of money.
After working for several years as a teacher, Lu Xun again returned to writing. In 1918, he created his famous short story Diary of a Mad Man which was the first Chinese novel to use the everyday l 7. It came out to be a great success. And his other novels such as The True Story of Ah Q and Kong Yiji were r 8 by Chinese young people in that period.
Although successful, Lu Xun still worried greatly about China's future. In 1927, he moved to Shanghai and gave up writing stories in order to f 9 on articles which could call on people to fight for a better country.
Since his death in 1936, Lu Xun's influence has g 10 with time. Today, many of his writings are included in school textbooks and his works are valued by millions around the world.
1.
6.
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
Lu Xun is one of the greatest Chinese writers of the 20th century. Besides his famous stories, he also wrote many influential(有很大影响的) articles about the life of Chinese people.
Born into a w 1 family in 1881, Lu Xun had a happy childhood. U 2, his father became seriously ill and died in 1896. From then on, his family members were no longer accepted by their relatives and friends. These early e 3 deeply influenced his writing.
In 1899, he already believed that Chinese society had to c 4 and become modern. In 1902, he went to study in Japan. There, he began writing articles for several magazines which were set up by Chinese students to make a l 5. He showed a g 6 for writing and translating and he even wrote several books, though none was popular. He returned to China in 1909 because his family was in need of money.
After working for several years as a teacher, Lu Xun again returned to writing. In 1918, he created his famous short story Diary of a Mad Man which was the first Chinese novel to use the everyday l 7. It came out to be a great success. And his other novels such as The True Story of Ah Q and Kong Yiji were r 8 by Chinese young people in that period.
Although successful, Lu Xun still worried greatly about China's future. In 1927, he moved to Shanghai and gave up writing stories in order to f 9 on articles which could call on people to fight for a better country.
Since his death in 1936, Lu Xun's influence has g 10 with time. Today, many of his writings are included in school textbooks and his works are valued by millions around the world.
1.
wealthy
2. Unluckily
3. experiences
4. change
5. living
6.
gift
7. language
8. read
9. focus
10. grown
答案
1. wealthy 2. Unluckily 3. experiences 4. change 5. living 6. gift 7. language 8. read 9. focus 10. grown
解析
【分析】
本题为英语词汇运用题，需结合短文语境、首字母提示，同时考虑词性、固定搭配、语法规则（如时态、语态）确定单词。解题思路：先通读全文把握主旨，再逐个分析每个空的上下文逻辑，结合首字母推导合适单词，最后验证单词在句中是否符合语法和语义。
【解析】
1. 句意：1881年出生于富裕家庭，鲁迅拥有快乐的童年。首字母为w，修饰名词family需用形容词，结合“happy childhood”可知填wealthy。
2. 句意：不幸的是，他的父亲1896年病重去世。首字母为U，修饰整个句子需用副词，结合语境（父亲去世的不幸）可知填Unluckily。
3. 句意：这些早期经历深刻影响了他的写作。首字母为e，“early”后接名词，此处指多次经历，用可数名词复数experiences。
4. 句意：1899年，他认为中国社会必须改变并走向现代化。首字母为c，情态动词had to后接动词原形，结合“become modern”可知填change。
5. 句意：在那里，他开始为中国学生创办的杂志写文章谋生。固定搭配make a living（谋生），首字母为l，故填living。
6. 句意：他展现出写作和翻译的天赋。固定搭配show a gift for（有……的天赋），首字母为g，故填gift。
7. 句意：1918年，他创作了著名短篇小说《狂人日记》，这是第一部使用日常语言的中国小说。首字母为l，结合语境“everyday”可知填language。
8. 句意：他的其他小说如《阿Q正传》《孔乙己》被当时的中国年轻人阅读。首字母为r，此处为被动语态（be+过去分词），故填read。
9. 句意：1927年，他搬到上海，放弃写故事，专注于能号召人们为更好国家奋斗的文章。固定搭配focus on（专注于），in order to后接动词原形，首字母为f，故填focus。
10. 句意：自从1936年去世，鲁迅的影响力随时间增长。首字母为g，此处为现在完成时（has+过去分词），故填grown。
【答案】
1. wealthy 2. Unluckily 3. experiences 4. change 5. living 6. gift 7. language 8. read 9. focus 10. grown
【知识点】
英语词汇运用、固定搭配、时态语态
【点评】
本题考查学生对英语词汇、固定搭配及语法的综合运用能力，需结合短文语境逻辑分析，难度适中，是常见的英语基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为英语词汇运用题，需结合短文语境、首字母提示，同时考虑词性、固定搭配、语法规则（如时态、语态）确定单词。解题思路：先通读全文把握主旨，再逐个分析每个空的上下文逻辑，结合首字母推导合适单词，最后验证单词在句中是否符合语法和语义。
【解析】
1. 句意：1881年出生于富裕家庭，鲁迅拥有快乐的童年。首字母为w，修饰名词family需用形容词，结合“happy childhood”可知填wealthy。
2. 句意：不幸的是，他的父亲1896年病重去世。首字母为U，修饰整个句子需用副词，结合语境（父亲去世的不幸）可知填Unluckily。
3. 句意：这些早期经历深刻影响了他的写作。首字母为e，“early”后接名词，此处指多次经历，用可数名词复数experiences。
4. 句意：1899年，他认为中国社会必须改变并走向现代化。首字母为c，情态动词had to后接动词原形，结合“become modern”可知填change。
5. 句意：在那里，他开始为中国学生创办的杂志写文章谋生。固定搭配make a living（谋生），首字母为l，故填living。
6. 句意：他展现出写作和翻译的天赋。固定搭配show a gift for（有……的天赋），首字母为g，故填gift。
7. 句意：1918年，他创作了著名短篇小说《狂人日记》，这是第一部使用日常语言的中国小说。首字母为l，结合语境“everyday”可知填language。
8. 句意：他的其他小说如《阿Q正传》《孔乙己》被当时的中国年轻人阅读。首字母为r，此处为被动语态（be+过去分词），故填read。
9. 句意：1927年，他搬到上海，放弃写故事，专注于能号召人们为更好国家奋斗的文章。固定搭配focus on（专注于），in order to后接动词原形，首字母为f，故填focus。
10. 句意：自从1936年去世，鲁迅的影响力随时间增长。首字母为g，此处为现在完成时（has+过去分词），故填grown。
【答案】
1. wealthy 2. Unluckily 3. experiences 4. change 5. living 6. gift 7. language 8. read 9. focus 10. grown
【知识点】
英语词汇运用、固定搭配、时态语态
【点评】
本题考查学生对英语词汇、固定搭配及语法的综合运用能力，需结合短文语境逻辑分析，难度适中，是常见的英语基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.6
五、完形填空。
It had been troubling a little boy for long—every time his deskmate could rank 1st in the class, he only ranked 21st.
At home, he asked his mum, “Mum, am I more than others? I feel I'm as hard-working as my deskmate, but why do I fall behind?” His mum went wordless, not knowing how to explain to her son properly and hurting him at the same time.
In another test, the boy ranked 15th and his deskmate 1st. Back home, he raised the same question. Mum really wanted to tell her son that intelligence is , which means that students ranking 1st are supposed to be cleverer than others. , was this answer going to discourage her son? Thank goodness she did not open her mouth.
There were many times she wanted to tell her son, “Your father and I used to be excellent. Why aren't you just as clever as we are?” She because she didn't want to put too much stress on him. She needed a answer.
Time went by quickly. Though he made great , he was still unable to keep up with his deskmate. To reduce the stress on her son, Mum decided to take him to the sea. During the trip, she finally to give him an answer.
Now, the boy no longer his rankings because he has entered a top university with 1st ranking. Later he mentioned that valuable experience, “When my mother and I were sitting on the , she pointed to the front and said, ‘Do you see the little petrels(海燕) and clumsy（笨拙的） seagulls over there? When the waves(海浪) come near, little petrels can rise while it would take clumsy seagulls longer to complete the process. However, have you noticed that it is clumsy seagulls that finally fly the endless sea and get to the other side? You might be a little slower, but if you trying, you will be the one who will make it!’”
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It had been troubling a little boy for long—every time his deskmate could rank 1st in the class, he only ranked 21st.
At home, he asked his mum, “Mum, am I more than others? I feel I'm as hard-working as my deskmate, but why do I fall behind?” His mum went wordless, not knowing how to explain to her son properly and hurting him at the same time.
In another test, the boy ranked 15th and his deskmate 1st. Back home, he raised the same question. Mum really wanted to tell her son that intelligence is , which means that students ranking 1st are supposed to be cleverer than others. , was this answer going to discourage her son? Thank goodness she did not open her mouth.
There were many times she wanted to tell her son, “Your father and I used to be excellent. Why aren't you just as clever as we are?” She because she didn't want to put too much stress on him. She needed a answer.
Time went by quickly. Though he made great , he was still unable to keep up with his deskmate. To reduce the stress on her son, Mum decided to take him to the sea. During the trip, she finally to give him an answer.
Now, the boy no longer his rankings because he has entered a top university with 1st ranking. Later he mentioned that valuable experience, “When my mother and I were sitting on the , she pointed to the front and said, ‘Do you see the little petrels(海燕) and clumsy（笨拙的） seagulls over there? When the waves(海浪) come near, little petrels can rise while it would take clumsy seagulls longer to complete the process. However, have you noticed that it is clumsy seagulls that finally fly the endless sea and get to the other side? You might be a little slower, but if you trying, you will be the one who will make it!’”
(
A
)1. A. foolish B. clever C. careless D. hard-working(
B
)2. A. sometimes B. always C. usually D. seldom(
B
)3. A. continue B. avoid C. start D. risk(
C
)4. A. lost B. announced C. remained D. cancelled(
D
)5. A. low B. common C. high D. different(
D
)6. A. Otherwise B. Moreover C. Besides D. However(
A
)7. A. stopped B. complained C. changed D. replied(
C
)8. A. simpler B. faster C. better D. closer(
B
)9. A. changes B. efforts C. decisions D. differences(
C
)10. A. forgot B. failed C. managed D. remembered(
A
)11. A. worries about B. shows off C. deals with D. dreams of(
C
)12. A. sea B. ship C. beach D. plane(
B
)13. A. carefully B. quickly C. noisily D. quietly(
B
)14. A. around B. across C. along D. against(
D
)15. A. suggest B. prefer C. imagine D. keep答案
1. A 【点拨】根据$“but why do I \underline{2} fall behind”$可知，小男孩总是比同桌落后，因此怀疑自己笨。故选A。
2. B 【点拨】根据“I feel I'm as hard-working as my deskmate, but...”可知，此处小男孩认为他和同桌一样努力，但总是落后。故选B。
3. B 【点拨】根据“hurting him at the same time”可知，此处指母亲想要恰当地向他解释的同时避免伤害他。故选B。
4. C 【点拨】根据“1st”可知，此处指同桌依然保持第一名。故选C。
5. D 【点拨】根据“students ranking 1st are supposed to be cleverer than others”可知，排名第一的学生应该比其他人更聪明，故每个人的智力是不同的。故选D。
6. D 【点拨】根据“was this answer going to discourage her son”可知，妈妈想给出解释，又害怕伤害孩子，是转折关系。故选D。
7. A 【点拨】根据“she didn't want to put too much stress on him”可知，妈妈不想给他太大压力，故没有说这句话。故选A。
8. C 【点拨】根据上文可知，此处是和妈妈最开始想说的答案对比，需要一个更好的答案，要使用比较级。故选C。
9. B 【点拨】根据“made great”可知，此处指小男孩付出了很大的努力。故选B。
10. C 【点拨】根据下文可知，此处指妈妈成功想到了一个答案给自己的孩子。故选C。
11. A 【点拨】根据“because he has entered a top university with 1st ranking”可知，小男孩已经考上了一所顶尖大学，并且排名第一，故他不再担心排名。故选A。
12. C 【点拨】根据“Do you see the little petrels(海燕) and clumsy(笨拙的) seagulls”可知，此处指他们坐在海滩，观察海燕和海鸥。故选C。
13. B 【点拨】根据“it would take clumsy seagulls longer”可知，此处和笨拙的海鸥相比，海燕能够快速起飞。故选B。
14. B 【点拨】根据“get to the other side”可知，到达彼岸需要穿过大海。故选B。
15. D 【点拨】根据“You might be a little slower”可知，此处指尽管慢一些，但是只要坚持尝试，也能成功。故选D。
2. B 【点拨】根据“I feel I'm as hard-working as my deskmate, but...”可知，此处小男孩认为他和同桌一样努力，但总是落后。故选B。
3. B 【点拨】根据“hurting him at the same time”可知，此处指母亲想要恰当地向他解释的同时避免伤害他。故选B。
4. C 【点拨】根据“1st”可知，此处指同桌依然保持第一名。故选C。
5. D 【点拨】根据“students ranking 1st are supposed to be cleverer than others”可知，排名第一的学生应该比其他人更聪明，故每个人的智力是不同的。故选D。
6. D 【点拨】根据“was this answer going to discourage her son”可知，妈妈想给出解释，又害怕伤害孩子，是转折关系。故选D。
7. A 【点拨】根据“she didn't want to put too much stress on him”可知，妈妈不想给他太大压力，故没有说这句话。故选A。
8. C 【点拨】根据上文可知，此处是和妈妈最开始想说的答案对比，需要一个更好的答案，要使用比较级。故选C。
9. B 【点拨】根据“made great”可知，此处指小男孩付出了很大的努力。故选B。
10. C 【点拨】根据下文可知，此处指妈妈成功想到了一个答案给自己的孩子。故选C。
11. A 【点拨】根据“because he has entered a top university with 1st ranking”可知，小男孩已经考上了一所顶尖大学，并且排名第一，故他不再担心排名。故选A。
12. C 【点拨】根据“Do you see the little petrels(海燕) and clumsy(笨拙的) seagulls”可知，此处指他们坐在海滩，观察海燕和海鸥。故选C。
13. B 【点拨】根据“it would take clumsy seagulls longer”可知，此处和笨拙的海鸥相比，海燕能够快速起飞。故选B。
14. B 【点拨】根据“get to the other side”可知，到达彼岸需要穿过大海。故选B。
15. D 【点拨】根据“You might be a little slower”可知，此处指尽管慢一些，但是只要坚持尝试，也能成功。故选D。
解析
【分析】
做完形填空需遵循“先通览，再逐空，后复查”的思路：1. 先通读全文，把握文章主旨（本文围绕成绩落后的男孩向妈妈提问，妈妈用海边的海燕与海鸥的例子鼓励他坚持的故事展开）；2. 逐空分析时，结合上下文语境、词义辨析、逻辑关系（如转折、因果）判断选项，例如遇到描述人物心理的句子，需贴合人物情绪选答案；遇到转折词（如however），需判断前后逻辑关系；3. 全部选完后，通读全文验证是否通顺、符合逻辑。
【解析】
1. 选A：根据后文男孩疑惑自己为何总落后，怀疑自身能力，可知此处男孩问自己是否比别人笨，故选A。
2. 选B：根据前文男孩提到自己和同桌一样努力，结合语境可知他总是落后，故选B。
3. 选B：妈妈想向儿子解释却又怕伤害他，此处指避免伤害，故选B。
4. 选C：根据前文男孩同桌一直排名第一，可知此处指同桌仍然保持第一名，故选C。
5. 选D：根据后文“排名第一的学生更聪明”，可知智力是不同的，故选D。
6. 选D：前句妈妈想解释智力问题，后句担心打击儿子，是转折关系，故选D。
7. 选A：妈妈不想给儿子太大压力，所以停止了之前想说的话，故选A。
8. 选C：妈妈之前的答案会打击儿子，她需要一个更好的答案，用比较级，故选C。
9. 选B：根据“made great”可知此处指男孩付出了很大努力，故选B。
10. 选C：妈妈成功想到了给儿子的答案，故选C。
11. 选A：男孩已考上顶尖大学且排名第一，所以不再担心排名，故选A。
12. 选C：根据后文提到的海燕和海鸥，可知他们坐在海滩上，故选C。
13. 选B：海燕和笨拙的海鸥对比，海燕能快速起飞，故选B。
14. 选B：海鸥穿过大海到达彼岸，故选B。
15. 选D：此处指坚持尝试，keep doing sth是固定搭配，故选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.D
【知识点】
上下文语境理解、词义辨析、完形填空解题技巧
【点评】
本文是一篇兼具知识性与教育意义的完形填空，通过生活化的故事传递“坚持终将成功”的道理，既考查学生的词汇运用、语境分析能力，也引导学生理解成长过程中坚持的重要性，难度适中，适合学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
做完形填空需遵循“先通览，再逐空，后复查”的思路：1. 先通读全文，把握文章主旨（本文围绕成绩落后的男孩向妈妈提问，妈妈用海边的海燕与海鸥的例子鼓励他坚持的故事展开）；2. 逐空分析时，结合上下文语境、词义辨析、逻辑关系（如转折、因果）判断选项，例如遇到描述人物心理的句子，需贴合人物情绪选答案；遇到转折词（如however），需判断前后逻辑关系；3. 全部选完后，通读全文验证是否通顺、符合逻辑。
【解析】
1. 选A：根据后文男孩疑惑自己为何总落后，怀疑自身能力，可知此处男孩问自己是否比别人笨，故选A。
2. 选B：根据前文男孩提到自己和同桌一样努力，结合语境可知他总是落后，故选B。
3. 选B：妈妈想向儿子解释却又怕伤害他，此处指避免伤害，故选B。
4. 选C：根据前文男孩同桌一直排名第一，可知此处指同桌仍然保持第一名，故选C。
5. 选D：根据后文“排名第一的学生更聪明”，可知智力是不同的，故选D。
6. 选D：前句妈妈想解释智力问题，后句担心打击儿子，是转折关系，故选D。
7. 选A：妈妈不想给儿子太大压力，所以停止了之前想说的话，故选A。
8. 选C：妈妈之前的答案会打击儿子，她需要一个更好的答案，用比较级，故选C。
9. 选B：根据“made great”可知此处指男孩付出了很大努力，故选B。
10. 选C：妈妈成功想到了给儿子的答案，故选C。
11. 选A：男孩已考上顶尖大学且排名第一，所以不再担心排名，故选A。
12. 选C：根据后文提到的海燕和海鸥，可知他们坐在海滩上，故选C。
13. 选B：海燕和笨拙的海鸥对比，海燕能快速起飞，故选B。
14. 选B：海鸥穿过大海到达彼岸，故选B。
15. 选D：此处指坚持尝试，keep doing sth是固定搭配，故选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.D
【知识点】
上下文语境理解、词义辨析、完形填空解题技巧
【点评】
本文是一篇兼具知识性与教育意义的完形填空，通过生活化的故事传递“坚持终将成功”的道理，既考查学生的词汇运用、语境分析能力，也引导学生理解成长过程中坚持的重要性，难度适中，适合学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
