一、阅读理解。
阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。
A
We know that Venus, Jupiter, Mercury and Saturn are four planets in the solar system. But do you know where their English names originated from? Let's have a look.

Venus
Venus is the sixth largest planet as well as the hottest one in the solar system. Except (除……外) the Sun and Moon, Venus is the brightest star in the sky, just like a shinning diamond (钻石). So the Romans call it Venus, the goddess(女神) of beauty.

Jupiter
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. Its surface is colorful, and it also has a planetary (行星的) ring. Jupiter is the king of gods (神) in ancient Roman mythology(神话).
Mercury is closer to the Sun than any other planet, and it is the smallest and lightest planet in the solar system. It usually appears along the Sun. Mercury is a god that sends messages to other gods in ancient Ro mythology.
Saturn is the second biggest planet in the solar system. Saturn's rings are made of dust and ice. In Roman mythology, Saturn is the god of time, because this planet moves slowly.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
()1. What does the underlined phrase “originated from” mean?
A. Came from.
B. Made up.
C. Were used for.
D. Were made of.
()2. Which is the brightest planet of the four planets?
A. Saturn.
B. Venus.
C. Jupiter.
D. Mercury.
()3. From big to small, which is the right order of the four planets?
①Venus ②Jupiter
③Mercury ④Saturn
A. ①②③④
B. ②④①③
C. ④①③②
D. ②③①④
()4. What can we know about the four planets from the text?
A. Venus is the lightest star in the sky.
B. Jupiter is a goddess in ancient Roman mythology.
C. Saturn is the biggest planet in the solar system.
D. Mercury is the smallest and lightest planet in the solar system.
()5. In which part of the newspaper can we probably read this text?
A. Environment.
B. Art.
C. Universe.
D. Weather.

1. A 本段意为“我们知道，金星、木星、水星和土星是太阳系中的四颗行星。但是你知道它们英文名字的起源吗？让我们来看一看”。结合下面表格的内容可知，这些星球的英文名字都来自古罗马的神话故事，故判断“originated from”意为“起源；来源”，与“came from”同义。
2. B 由表格第一栏第二句可知，金星是四颗行星中最亮的。
3. B 由表格中关于四个行星的介绍可知，按大小排列，木星最大，土星第二大，金星第六大，水星最小。故选 B。
4. D 由表格第三栏第一句可知，水星是太阳系中最小、最轻的星球。
5. C 通读材料可知，本材料主要介绍太阳系中的四颗行星，故可以在报纸的“宇宙”板块读到。

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含词义猜测题、细节理解题和推理判断题，解题思路如下：
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，需结合原文语境分析：原文提到四颗行星的英文名字和古罗马神话有关，由此推断“originated from”意为“起源于，来自”，对应选项A。
2. 第2题是细节理解题，需定位原文中关于行星亮度的描述，找到Venus部分提到“Except the Sun and Moon, Venus is the brightest star in the sky”，确定答案为B。
3. 第3题是细节排序题，需分别提取四颗行星的大小描述：Jupiter是最大的，Saturn是第二大，Venus是第六大，Mercury是最小的，按从大到小排序为②④①③，对应选项B。
4. 第4题是细节理解题，定位Mercury部分第一句“it is the smallest and lightest planet in the solar system”，确定答案为D。
5. 第5题是推理判断题，通读全文可知内容围绕太阳系行星展开，属于宇宙相关话题，对应报纸的“Universe（宇宙）”板块，答案为C。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：原文语境为“你知道它们英文名字的起源吗？”，下文介绍名字来自古罗马神话，故“originated from”意为“来自”，选A。
2. 细节理解题：根据Venus部分“Except the Sun and Moon, Venus is the brightest star in the sky”，可知金星是四颗行星中最亮的，选B。
3. 细节排序题：根据各行星描述：Jupiter最大，Saturn第二大，Venus第六大，Mercury最小，从大到小顺序为②④①③，选B。
4. 细节理解题：根据Mercury部分“it is the smallest and lightest planet in the solar system”，可知水星是最小最轻的，选D。
5. 推理判断题：全文介绍太阳系四颗行星，属于宇宙领域内容，应在报纸的“宇宙”板块，选C。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C
【知识点】
词义猜测题、细节理解题、推理判断题
【点评】
本文是一篇介绍太阳系四颗行星英文名字起源的阅读理解材料，主要考查学生的细节查找、词义推断和话题推理能力，题目设置基础，贴近学生的英语阅读学习要求。
【难度系数】
0.7