一、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The system will be (operate) by professional engineers.
2. Whether we can succeed depends on how well we (cooperate).
3. Iran is a country which is rich in natural (resource).
4. She made her first and only (space) flight last September.
5. There is a more violent theory about how (planet) form.

1. operated 2. cooperate 3. resources 4. space 5. planets

【分析】
本题考查英语基础语法应用，需结合句子结构、时态、固定搭配等分析：1. 第一题是被动语态，主语是动作承受者，需用动词过去分词；2. 第二题是一般现在时从句，主语为复数，谓语用动词原形；3. 第三题“自然资源”是固定复数短语；4. 第四题“太空飞行”是固定搭配，space作定语修饰flight需用原形；5. 第五题从句谓语为原形，主语需用复数名词。
【解析】
1. 句子为被动语态，结构为“be + 过去分词”，主语the system是operate的承受者，故填operated；
2. 从句描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语we是复数，谓语动词用原形，故填cooperate；
3. “natural resources”是固定短语，resource表示各类资源时常用复数，故填resources；
4. “space flight”是固定搭配，space作定语修饰flight，用原形，故填space；
5. 从句谓语form是原形，主语需为复数，planet是可数名词，故填planets；
【答案】
1. operated 2. cooperate 3. resources 4. space 5. planets
【知识点】
被动语态、名词复数、一般现在时
【点评】
本题为英语基础语法填空题，考查核心基础知识点，题型常见，侧重基础应用，适合初中阶段学生巩固练习。
【难度系数】
0.6

二、按照要求改写下列句子
1. My space dream is that one day we will build a space station on the moon.（改成被动语态）

2. People will find some special kinds of energy resources on the moon.（改成被动语态）

3. Humans have achieved many things that were once only dreams.（翻译句子）

4. to build a satellite, hope, to collect the sun's energy, and, send it to Earth, I（连词成句）

1. My space dream is that one day a space station will be built by us on the moon.
2. Some special kinds of energy resources on the moon will be found by people.
3. 人类已经实现了很多曾经只是梦想的事情。
4. I hope to build a satellite to collect the sun's energy and send it to Earth.

【分析】
本题为英语句式转换类题目，需分别处理被动语态转换、句子翻译、连词成句三类题型：1. 被动语态转换需将主动句的宾语变为被动句主语，对应时态的被动结构，补充动作执行者；2. 翻译需准确对应原句时态、定语结构，符合中文表达习惯；3. 连词成句需先确定核心主谓结构，再补充修饰成分，保证句子通顺合理。
【解析】
1. 原主动句中宾语为a space station，一般将来时被动结构为will be + 过去分词built，动作执行者用by us，故转换为My space dream is that one day a space station will be built by us on the moon.
2. 原主动句中宾语为some special kinds of energy resources，一般将来时被动结构为will be + 过去分词found，动作执行者用by people，故转换为Some special kinds of energy resources on the moon will be found by people.
3. 原句为现在完成时，“Humans have achieved”译为“人类已经实现了”，“many things that were once only dreams”译为“很多曾经只是梦想的事情”，组合后为人类已经实现了很多曾经只是梦想的事情。
4. 先确定核心结构I hope to do，build a satellite为hope的宾语，后面用不定式作目的状语，连接to collect the sun's energy and send it to Earth，故组合为I hope to build a satellite to collect the sun's energy and send it to Earth.
【答案】
1. My space dream is that one day a space station will be built by us on the moon.
2. Some special kinds of energy resources on the moon will be found by people.
3. 人类已经实现了很多曾经只是梦想的事情。
4. I hope to build a satellite to collect the sun's energy and send it to Earth.
【知识点】
被动语态、句子翻译、连词成句
【点评】
本题考查英语基础句式转换的核心能力，涵盖被动语态转换、句子翻译、连词成句，是英语学习中巩固基础语法与句式的典型练习，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

三、阅读短文并完成任务
任务一:语法填空。
Xie Tianlei is a primary school student from a village in Changsha, Hunan. Though he is young, he knows a lot about astronomy. “I'm very interested astronomy. I want to be astronomer when I grow up,” Xie said on a local TV show. “It is amazing that there are many stars with lots of (mystery) in the sky for us to explain.” Touched by the boy's desire(渴望) for knowledge, the TV show's production team decided (invite) some people to work together to build an observatory in the village.
Wang Qiu'an, a designer(设计师), designed the observatory for free. “It's my honour to do something for village children,” he said. “Many local people and the local government helped a lot the building of the observatory.”
On January 3rd, 2022, the observatory ( open ). Because of it, Xie and many children in his village have realized their dream of (enjoy) the night stars by getting closer to space. Some professional astronomers have come to the observatory more than 10 times to talk with the children and help (they) observe space.
The observatory has also attracted around 300,000 (visit). The local government plans to do more to attract more people to experience the (beautiful) of the village and the night sky.
任务二:回答问题。
11. What do you think leads to the building of the observatory?

12. What do you think of Xie Tianlei?

1. in 2. an 3. mysteries 4. to invite 5. with 6. opened 7. enjoying 8. them 9. visitors 10. beauty
11. The people in the TV show team, the designer, the local people and the government worked together to build the observatory.
12. He is hard-working and lucky.（言之有理即可）

【分析】
本题分为语法填空和阅读理解答题两部分。语法填空需结合句子结构、固定搭配、词性要求、时态等知识点逐个分析：第1空考查固定搭配be interested in，需填介词；第2空考查不定冠词，泛指单数可数名词且以元音音素开头，用an；第3空考查名词复数，lots of后接可数名词复数；第4空考查固定搭配decide to do sth，需填动词不定式；第5空考查固定搭配help with sth，填介词；第6空考查一般过去时，结合过去时间状语确定动词形式；第7空考查动名词，介词of后接动名词；第8空考查人称代词宾格，动词help后接宾格；第9空考查名词复数，数词后接可数名词复数；第10空考查名词，定冠词the后接名词。任务二需从短文中提取关键信息作答，11题找建天文台的参与主体，12题结合人物特点评价，言之有理即可。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配be interested in，故填in；
2. 泛指“一名天文学家”，astronomer以元音音素/ə/开头，用不定冠词an；
3. lots of修饰可数名词复数，mystery的复数形式为mysteries；
4. 固定搭配decide to do sth，故填to invite；
5. 固定搭配help with sth表示“在某方面帮助”，故填with；
6. 时间状语为2022年1月3日（过去时间），用一般过去时，open的过去式为opened；
7. 介词of后接动名词，enjoy的动名词形式为enjoying；
8. 动词help后接人称代词宾格，they的宾格为them；
9. 数词300000后接可数名词复数，visit对应的表示人的名词visitor的复数为visitors；
10. 定冠词the后接名词，beautiful的名词形式为beauty；
任务二：11. 从文中可知，电视节目团队、设计师、当地人和政府共同努力建成了天文台，故答案为The people in the TV show team, the designer, the local people and the government worked together to build the observatory.；12. 谢天雷热爱天文、有梦想且得到了帮助，故可评价为He is hard-working and lucky.（言之有理即可）
【答案】
1. in 2. an 3. mysteries 4. to invite 5. with 6. opened 7. enjoying 8. them 9. visitors 10. beauty；11. The people in the TV show team, the designer, the local people and the government worked together to build the observatory. 12. He is hard-working and lucky.（言之有理即可）
【知识点】
固定搭配、名词形式变化、冠词用法
【点评】
本题综合考查英语基础语法与阅读理解能力，语法填空侧重核心语法规则的应用，任务二侧重信息提取与人物评价，难度适中，适合中等水平学生完成。
【难度系数】
0.6