二、阅读教材 P85 的课文，回答下列问题
1. Who woke Pliny the Younger up?

2. What did Pliny the Younger and his mother decide to do the next morning?

3. What did Pliny the Younger's mother ask him to do while the cloud was spreading?

1. His mother woke him up. / His mother.
2. They decided to leave the town.
3. His mother / She asked him to continue without her.

【分析】本题为基于指定教材课文的细节理解题，需从教材P85的对应课文中定位各问题的关键信息：第1题查找叫醒小普林尼的主体，第2题查找小普林尼与母亲次日清晨的决定，第3题查找火山云扩散时母亲对小普林尼的要求。
【解析】1. 从课文对应内容可明确，叫醒小普林尼的是他的母亲；2. 课文中提到小普林尼和母亲第二天早上决定离开城镇；3. 当火山云扩散时，母亲让小普林尼自己继续前行不用管她。
【答案】1. His mother woke him up. / His mother. 2. They decided to leave the town. 3. His mother / She asked him to continue without her.
【知识点】阅读理解细节定位、课文内容理解
【点评】本题考查课文细节信息的提取，属于基础题型，只要认真阅读指定教材内容即可准确作答。
【难度系数】0.9

三、阅读教材 P85 的课文，完成短文填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余选项。
when scare sand shake thick refuse a straight smoke he from while
Pliny the Younger and his mother were staying in a town near Pompeii. Those days, the earth kept shaking. One night, 1 Pliny was sleeping, the ground shook very hard. His mother rushed to wake 2 up. They had to stay outside all night. His mother was too 3 to close her eyes. By six the next morning, many buildings were still 4, so they decided to leave.
The road was crowded. Their coach couldn’t go 5. It started moving 6 side to side. The sea suddenly moved back, leaving sea animals on the 7. A dark cloud over Mount Vesuvius soon covered the sea. His mother asked him to go on alone, but he 8. As the cloud spread, it turned day into night. 9 filled the air and ash fell heavily. After 10 while, the daylight returned, and everything was covered in ash.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. while
2. him
3. scared
4. shaking
5. straight
6. from
7. sand
8. refused
9. Smoke
10. a

【分析】
首先通读短文，理解文章讲述的是Pliny和母亲在庞贝附近遭遇地震的经历，把握语境后，逐个分析每个空的语法成分和语义需求，再从方框内的词汇中选择合适的词，调整为正确形式，确保每词仅用一次，排除多余选项。
【解析】
1. 空1：此处为时间状语从句，两个过去的动作同时发生，用while引导，故填while。
2. 空2：动词wake后需接人称代词宾格，he的宾格为him，故填him。
3. 空3：too+形容词+to结构表示“太…而不能”，scare的形容词形式为scared（害怕的），故填scared。
4. 空4：句子为过去进行时，结构为were+现在分词，shake的现在分词为shaking，故填shaking。
5. 空5：固定短语go straight意为“直行”，符合语境，故填straight。
6. 空6：固定短语from side to side意为“左右来回”，故填from。
7. 空7：海边的动物退潮后留在沙子上，sand（沙子）符合语义，故填sand。
8. 空8：此处描述过去的动作，需用动词过去式，refuse的过去式为refused，结合转折语境（母亲让他独自走但他拒绝），故填refused。
9. 空9：结合后文ash（灰烬），此处指烟充满空气，smoke（烟）符合，首字母大写，故填Smoke。
10. 空10：固定短语after a while意为“过了一会儿”，故填a。
【答案】
1. while 2. him 3. scared 4. shaking 5. straight 6. from 7. sand 8. refused 9. Smoke 10. a
【知识点】
时间状语从句、形容词用法、动词过去式
【点评】
本题以庞贝古城相关场景为背景，考查词汇在语境中的运用，需结合上下文语义、语法知识及固定搭配解题，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生巩固词汇运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6

一 wake up 的用法
My mother rushed into my room to wake me up. 母亲冲进我的房间把我叫醒。（教材 P85）
wake up 意为“醒；叫醒”，是“动词 + 副词”构成的动副短语。如果接名词作宾语时，可放在动词和副词的中间或者后面；如果接代词作宾语时，只能放在动词和副词的中间。如：
What wakes the woman up every morning? = What wakes up the woman every morning? 每天早上是什么把这个女人叫醒的？
—Dad, can you wake me up at 6:00 tomorrow morning? 爸爸，你能在明天早上6点叫醒我吗？
—Of course, dear. 当然可以，亲爱的。
专练
()1. , Tom! It's time to get up and go to school.

A.Wake up
B.Make up
C.Grow up
D.Look up
2. 现在是早上7点，但鲍勃还在睡觉。请叫醒他。（根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词）
It's 7:00 am, but Bob is still sleeping. Please .

1. A
2. wake him up

【分析】
第1题需根据语境选择表示“叫醒”的短语，先明确各选项短语含义，结合“该起床上学”的语境判断；第2题需运用动副短语接代词的位置规则，完成“叫醒他”的汉译英。
【解析】
第1题：句意是“汤姆！该起床上学了”，A选项wake up意为“叫醒”，符合语境；B选项make up意为“编造、组成”，C选项grow up意为“长大”，D选项look up意为“查阅、向上看”，均不符合，故选A。
第2题：“叫醒”对应wake up，该短语是“动词+副词”结构，接代词作宾语时，代词需放在动词和副词之间，“他”的宾格是him，因此填wake him up。
【答案】
1. A；2. wake him up
【知识点】
动副短语用法；固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查wake up这类动副短语的基础用法，需掌握动副短语接名词、代词作宾语的位置规则，属于基础知识点考查。
【难度系数】
0.6