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二、阅读理解
People have been facing the problem of finding clean energy for a long time. More than a hundred years ago, people started placing turbines (涡轮) in rivers. The moving water turned the turbines and produced power. More recently, companies have begun using the power of the wind to provide electric energy. Both of them avoid the use of fossil fuels (石油燃料) and help build a cleaner environment.
In the past few years, however, another energy can be chosen on the coasts of the United States. People there now want to use the power of the rising and falling of ocean water each day. Like wind power, tidal power provides a very clean energy.
Wind comes and goes and there is no way to control it. Tidal power is predictable and it happens every day. People know exactly when the tide will come in and go out.
In some ways, tidal turbines are very similar to those used to make electricity from wind. For example, both types of turbines must have very heavy foundations (地基). Wind turbines need them because they are very tall and might fall over in high winds. Tidal turbines need them because they are placed in narrow openings on the ocean floor. In these places, the force of the moving water is very strong.
In other ways, the two types of turbines are quite different. The blades (桨叶) of a tidal turbine must be much stronger than those of a wind turbine. A company called Verdant Energy built some model turbines for its project in New York City's East River. When they put the turbines into the river, the blades broke off at once. The company had to design new, stronger blades before the project could continue.
()1. What can we learn about tidal power according to the text?
A. Tidal power is cheap to produce.
B. Tidal power works in any place.
C. Tidal power doesn’t need turbines.
D. Tidal power needs stronger blades.
( )2. The following sentence can be best placed at the beginning of ______ .
However, it does have one big advantage (优势) over wind power.
A. Para. 2
B. Para. 3
C. Para. 4
D. Para. 5
()3. How is the passage organized?
A. By explaining (解释) events in time order.
B. By offering problems and advice.
C. By describing two different types of energy.
D. By describing the use of fossil fuels.
()4. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. The History of Clean Energy
B. Fossil Fuels vs. Clean Energy
C. How Turbines Work in Rivers and Oceans
D. Tidal Energy: A Better Choice Than Wind Power
People have been facing the problem of finding clean energy for a long time. More than a hundred years ago, people started placing turbines (涡轮) in rivers. The moving water turned the turbines and produced power. More recently, companies have begun using the power of the wind to provide electric energy. Both of them avoid the use of fossil fuels (石油燃料) and help build a cleaner environment.
In the past few years, however, another energy can be chosen on the coasts of the United States. People there now want to use the power of the rising and falling of ocean water each day. Like wind power, tidal power provides a very clean energy.
Wind comes and goes and there is no way to control it. Tidal power is predictable and it happens every day. People know exactly when the tide will come in and go out.
In some ways, tidal turbines are very similar to those used to make electricity from wind. For example, both types of turbines must have very heavy foundations (地基). Wind turbines need them because they are very tall and might fall over in high winds. Tidal turbines need them because they are placed in narrow openings on the ocean floor. In these places, the force of the moving water is very strong.
In other ways, the two types of turbines are quite different. The blades (桨叶) of a tidal turbine must be much stronger than those of a wind turbine. A company called Verdant Energy built some model turbines for its project in New York City's East River. When they put the turbines into the river, the blades broke off at once. The company had to design new, stronger blades before the project could continue.
()1. What can we learn about tidal power according to the text?
A. Tidal power is cheap to produce.
B. Tidal power works in any place.
C. Tidal power doesn’t need turbines.
D. Tidal power needs stronger blades.
( )2. The following sentence can be best placed at the beginning of ______ .
However, it does have one big advantage (优势) over wind power.
A. Para. 2
B. Para. 3
C. Para. 4
D. Para. 5
()3. How is the passage organized?
A. By explaining (解释) events in time order.
B. By offering problems and advice.
C. By describing two different types of energy.
D. By describing the use of fossil fuels.
()4. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. The History of Clean Energy
B. Fossil Fuels vs. Clean Energy
C. How Turbines Work in Rivers and Oceans
D. Tidal Energy: A Better Choice Than Wind Power
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了两个不同种类的能量：风力发电和潮汐力发电，以及它们的优缺点。
1. D 细节理解题。根据“The blades of a tidal turbine must be much stronger than those of a wind turbine.”可知，潮汐发电需要更强的叶片。故选 D。
2. B 补全文章题。根据第三段“Wind comes and goes and there is no way to control it. Tidal power is predictable and it happens every day. People know exactly when the tide will come in and go out.”可知，第三段主要讲了潮汐力发电比风力发电的优势。题干给出的句子意思：然而，它比风力多一个大的优势。说明了接下来要介绍的可预测性优点，所以适合放在第三段开头。故选 B。
3. C 写作手法题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲了两个不同种类的能量：风力发电和潮汐力发电。可知，本文通过描述两种不同种类的能量。故选 C。
4. D 标题归纳题。本文不仅描述了涡轮机是如何在河流和海洋中工作的，还描述了两种不同的清洁能源——风力发电和潮汐力发电的优点和缺点。故选 D。
1. D 细节理解题。根据“The blades of a tidal turbine must be much stronger than those of a wind turbine.”可知，潮汐发电需要更强的叶片。故选 D。
2. B 补全文章题。根据第三段“Wind comes and goes and there is no way to control it. Tidal power is predictable and it happens every day. People know exactly when the tide will come in and go out.”可知，第三段主要讲了潮汐力发电比风力发电的优势。题干给出的句子意思：然而，它比风力多一个大的优势。说明了接下来要介绍的可预测性优点，所以适合放在第三段开头。故选 B。
3. C 写作手法题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲了两个不同种类的能量：风力发电和潮汐力发电。可知，本文通过描述两种不同种类的能量。故选 C。
4. D 标题归纳题。本文不仅描述了涡轮机是如何在河流和海洋中工作的，还描述了两种不同的清洁能源——风力发电和潮汐力发电的优点和缺点。故选 D。
解析
【分析】
拿到这篇说明文阅读，我们可以按题型逐个梳理思路：1. 第1题是细节理解题，我们只需要回到原文逐一核对四个选项的描述，排除无依据、错误的选项就能得到正确答案；2. 第2题是语句复位题，先分析给定句子的逻辑：句子点明潮汐能相比风能有一个突出优势，我们只需要找到全文哪一段的核心内容是介绍潮汐能相对风能的优势，把句子放在该段开头就能实现承上启下的作用；3. 第3题是篇章结构题，通读全文梳理作者的行文逻辑，排除不符合行文特征的选项即可；4. 第4题是标题归纳题，要注意排除描述片面、偏离核心的干扰项，选择最贴合全文主旨的选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：
选项A：全文没有提及潮汐发电的生产成本相关内容，无依据，排除；
选项B：潮汐发电需要依托沿海潮汐环境，并非所有地点都能使用，描述错误，排除；
选项C：原文第四段提到潮汐涡轮和风力涡轮有诸多相似点，说明潮汐发电同样需要涡轮，描述错误，排除；
选项D：根据原文第五段“The blades of a tidal turbine must be much stronger than those of a wind turbine”可知，潮汐涡轮的桨叶需要比风力涡轮更坚固，描述正确。
2. 语句衔接题：
给定句子的含义为“然而，它相比风电确实有一个巨大优势”，该句需要引出后文潮汐能的优势内容。原文第三段核心内容为风能不稳定不可控，而潮汐能可预测、规律出现，正好是介绍潮汐能相对风能的优势，因此该句放在第三段开头可以实现承上启下的作用，对应选项B。
3. 篇章结构题：
全文先介绍传统水力发电、风力发电两种清洁能源，再引出潮汐能，对比二者的相似点与差异，整体围绕风力发电、潮汐发电两类不同的能源展开介绍：
选项A：全文没有按照时间顺序叙述事件，排除；
选项B：文章没有提出问题并给出对应建议的结构，排除；
选项D：化石燃料仅在开头一笔带过，并非文章核心描述对象，排除；
因此选C。
4. 标题归纳题：
选项A：“清洁能源的历史”表述过于宽泛，文章并未覆盖所有清洁能源的发展历史，排除；
选项B：化石燃料不是文章的核心对比对象，偏离主旨，排除；
选项C：仅描述涡轮的工作原理，内容过于片面，无法覆盖全文对两类能源优劣对比的核心内容，排除；
选项D：“潮汐能：比风能更好的选择”既点明了文章的两个核心描述对象，也突出了潮汐能相对风能的优势，完全贴合全文主旨。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
细节信息查找，篇章结构分析，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题是新能源主题的说明文阅读，覆盖了初中英语阅读四类高频考点，解题时要注意区分局部信息和全文核心内容，尤其是主旨类题型要避开以偏概全的干扰项，梳理清全文对风能、潮汐能的对比逻辑，就能顺利选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.6
拿到这篇说明文阅读，我们可以按题型逐个梳理思路：1. 第1题是细节理解题，我们只需要回到原文逐一核对四个选项的描述，排除无依据、错误的选项就能得到正确答案；2. 第2题是语句复位题，先分析给定句子的逻辑：句子点明潮汐能相比风能有一个突出优势，我们只需要找到全文哪一段的核心内容是介绍潮汐能相对风能的优势，把句子放在该段开头就能实现承上启下的作用；3. 第3题是篇章结构题，通读全文梳理作者的行文逻辑，排除不符合行文特征的选项即可；4. 第4题是标题归纳题，要注意排除描述片面、偏离核心的干扰项，选择最贴合全文主旨的选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：
选项A：全文没有提及潮汐发电的生产成本相关内容，无依据，排除；
选项B：潮汐发电需要依托沿海潮汐环境，并非所有地点都能使用，描述错误，排除；
选项C：原文第四段提到潮汐涡轮和风力涡轮有诸多相似点，说明潮汐发电同样需要涡轮，描述错误，排除；
选项D：根据原文第五段“The blades of a tidal turbine must be much stronger than those of a wind turbine”可知，潮汐涡轮的桨叶需要比风力涡轮更坚固，描述正确。
2. 语句衔接题：
给定句子的含义为“然而，它相比风电确实有一个巨大优势”，该句需要引出后文潮汐能的优势内容。原文第三段核心内容为风能不稳定不可控，而潮汐能可预测、规律出现，正好是介绍潮汐能相对风能的优势，因此该句放在第三段开头可以实现承上启下的作用，对应选项B。
3. 篇章结构题：
全文先介绍传统水力发电、风力发电两种清洁能源，再引出潮汐能，对比二者的相似点与差异，整体围绕风力发电、潮汐发电两类不同的能源展开介绍：
选项A：全文没有按照时间顺序叙述事件，排除；
选项B：文章没有提出问题并给出对应建议的结构，排除；
选项D：化石燃料仅在开头一笔带过，并非文章核心描述对象，排除；
因此选C。
4. 标题归纳题：
选项A：“清洁能源的历史”表述过于宽泛，文章并未覆盖所有清洁能源的发展历史，排除；
选项B：化石燃料不是文章的核心对比对象，偏离主旨，排除；
选项C：仅描述涡轮的工作原理，内容过于片面，无法覆盖全文对两类能源优劣对比的核心内容，排除；
选项D：“潮汐能：比风能更好的选择”既点明了文章的两个核心描述对象，也突出了潮汐能相对风能的优势，完全贴合全文主旨。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
细节信息查找，篇章结构分析，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题是新能源主题的说明文阅读，覆盖了初中英语阅读四类高频考点，解题时要注意区分局部信息和全文核心内容，尤其是主旨类题型要避开以偏概全的干扰项，梳理清全文对风能、潮汐能的对比逻辑，就能顺利选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.6
