一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. There are many differences between (west) and Chinese customs.
2. Most of us can't afford (buy) the car, for it costs a lot of money.
3. Lots of fruit and vegetables are on (sell) at the supermarket.
4. The old man is badly ill, and he needs an (operate) right now.
5. I have already (save) enough money to buy my father a tie as a Father's Day gift.

1. Western 2. to buy 3. sale 4. operation 5. saved

【分析】
本题考查英语词汇的适当形式填空，需结合词性变化、固定搭配、时态等知识点解题：1. 需用形容词修饰名词customs，对应west的形容词形式；2. 考查固定搭配afford to do sth；3. 考查固定短语on sale；4. an后需接名词，对应operate的名词形式；5. 现在完成时结构中需用动词的过去分词。
【解析】
1. 空格后是名词customs，需用形容词修饰，west的形容词为Western，故填Western；
2. 固定搭配afford to do sth表示“负担得起做某事”，故填to buy；
3. 固定短语on sale表示“廉价出售”，故填sale；
4. an后接名词，operate的名词形式是operation，故填operation；
5. 现在完成时结构为“have+过去分词”，save的过去分词是saved，故填saved。
【答案】
1. Western 2. to buy 3. sale 4. operation 5. saved
【知识点】
词性转换、固定搭配、现在完成时
【点评】
本题为基础词汇运用题，考查英语核心的词性变化、固定短语及时态知识点，属于日常学习中的基础题型，学生只要掌握基础知识点即可轻松解答。
【难度系数】
0.6

()1.After class, you can chat with in English to improve your spoken English.

A.other
B.another
C.the other
D.others

1. D

【分析】
要解决这道题，需先明确四个不定代词的用法区别，再结合句子语境判断：首先看空格处需填代词作chat with的宾语，且表示“其他的人（复数）”，再逐一排除不符合的选项。
【解析】
1. 分析选项A：other是形容词，后需接名词，空格后无名词，排除；
2. 分析选项B：another指三者及以上中的“另一个”，表单数，不符合“和多人聊天”的语境，排除；
3. 分析选项C：the other指两者中的另一个，或特定范围内的其他全部，句中无两者或特定范围的提示，排除；
4. 分析选项D：others是代词，泛指“其他的人（复数）”，符合“课后和其他人用英语聊天”的句意，故选D。
【答案】
D
【知识点】
不定代词用法
【点评】
本题考查易混不定代词的辨析，需掌握各代词的词性、指代范围，结合语境即可快速选出答案，属于基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.7

()2.The old man lives , so he may feel .

A.alone; lonely
B.lonely; alone
C.alone; lone
D.lonely; lonely

2. A

【分析】
本题考查英语词汇辨析，核心是区分易混词alone与lonely的用法。首先明确：alone可作副词（修饰动词）或形容词，侧重客观上“独自、单独”的状态；lonely仅作形容词，侧重主观上“孤独、寂寞”的情感。解题时，先分析第一个空：修饰动词lives需用副词，故选alone；再分析第二个空：系动词feel后需接形容词作表语，表达主观感受，故选lonely，因此答案为A。
【解析】
我们结合词汇用法逐一分析选项：
1. 第一个空：空格处修饰动词lives，需用副词。alone作副词时表示“独自地”，符合语法要求；lonely是形容词，无法修饰动词，因此排除B、D选项。
2. 第二个空：feel是系动词，后面需接形容词作表语，表达主观情感。lonely意为“孤独的”，符合语境；lone虽为形容词，但通常不用于描述情感上的孤独，且不符合本题语境，排除C选项。
综上，正确答案是A。
【答案】A
【知识点】形容词与副词辨析；alone和lonely的用法
【点评】本题为初中英语基础词汇辨析题，重点考查易混词的词性和语义差异，是日常考试的常考题型，需准确掌握词汇用法。
【难度系数】0.3

()3.This river is polluted, and the fish in it are .

A.at peace
B.at work
C.in silence
D.at risk

3. D

【分析】首先明确题目语境：这条河被污染，需选择描述河中鱼状态的短语。先逐一辨析各选项介词短语的含义，再结合语境匹配正确选项。
【解析】句子翻译为：这条河被污染了，里面的鱼________。A选项at peace意为“处于和平状态”；B选项at work意为“在工作”；C选项in silence意为“沉默地”；D选项at risk意为“处于危险中”。结合“河被污染”的语境，鱼应处于危险状态，因此选D。
【答案】D
【知识点】介词短语辨析、语境理解
【点评】本题考查常用介词短语的含义辨析，需结合句子语境选择合适的短语，属于基础英语知识应用题型。
【难度系数】0.3

()4.The film ticket thirty-five yuan.

A.spends
B.costs
C.pays
D.takes

4. B

【分析】
这道题考查英语中表示“花费”的动词用法辨析，解题思路是：先明确四个选项（spend、cost、pay、take）的主语要求和搭配结构，再结合题目主语（the film ticket，为物）判断正确选项。
【解析】
逐一分析选项：
1. A选项spend：主语必须是人，常用结构为“sb spend + 时间/金钱 + on sth / (in) doing sth”，题目主语是物（the film ticket），不符合用法，排除；
2. B选项cost：主语是物，常用结构为“sth costs + 金钱”，题目中主语是the film ticket（物），后接金钱thirty-five yuan，完全符合用法，正确；
3. C选项pay：主语必须是人，常用结构为“sb pay + 金钱 + for sth”，题目主语是物，不符合用法，排除；
4. D选项take：通常用于“it takes sb + 时间/金钱 + to do sth”结构，主语为形式主语it，题目主语是物，不符合用法，排除。
【答案】
B
【知识点】
英语花费动词辨析
【点评】
本题为英语基础词汇辨析题，核心考查“花费”类动词的主语与搭配差异，是初中英语高频考点，需准确区分spend、cost、pay、take的用法，避免混淆。
【难度系数】
0.4

()5.— As the saying goes, "The longest journey starts with a single step."
— Let's take action right now.

A.No way.
B.You are right.
C.What a pity!
D.I don't think so.

5. B

【分析】
本题考查英语情景交际，需结合对话语境及各选项含义选择合适答语。首先理解对话内容：甲引用谚语“千里之行始于足下”，乙后续说“让我们现在就行动吧”，说明乙赞同甲的观点，需选表赞同的选项。
【解析】
先明确各选项含义：A. No way（没门，不可能）；B. You are right（你说得对）；C. What a pity（真遗憾）；D. I don't think so（我不这么认为）。结合语境，乙赞同甲的谚语观点，且呼应“行动”的提议，只有B选项符合逻辑。
【答案】
B
【知识点】
情景交际；日常用语
【点评】
本题为基础情景交际题，结合谚语语境考查答语选择，需准确理解各选项含义及对话逻辑，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8

三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Oxfam is 1. organization working to help people in need worldwide. It's 2. (support) by millions of people all over the world. In Britain, over half a million people do something for Oxfam regularly. Even many London marathon competitors(参赛者) run 3. (raise) money for Oxfam.
Oxfam has charity shops worldwide. They sell many donated things at the lowest price. They opened their 4. (one) charity shop in the 1940s. The shops make money and the money can be used to help poor people. And they also sell products from developing 5. (country) in Africa, Asia and South America. These shops sell many different kinds of things, such as books, music CDs, clothes, toys and food. The shops can help 6. (improve) the lives of their producers. The shops have always been a big 7. (successful).
Of the Oxfam charity shops 8. the UK, some of them are bookshops or music shops. Oxfam Bookshop is the 9. (large) retailer(零售店) of second-hand books in Europe.
We should all learn from Oxfam's spirit 10. helping others is one of the most valuable things in life.

1. an 2. supported 3. to raise 4. first 5. countries 6. (to) improve 7. success 8. around/across 9. largest 10. because

【分析】通读短文，明确短文介绍乐施会的相关情况，结合每个空格的语境，依据语法规则、固定搭配、词性变化等逐一推导答案：1. 空格后organization以元音音素开头，表泛指用不定冠词an；2. it指代Oxfam，与动词support是被动关系，需用过去分词构成被动语态；3. 空格处表跑步的目的，用不定式作目的状语；4. 此处表示“第一个慈善店”，需用one的序数词；5. developing country是可数名词，此处指多个发展中国家，用复数形式；6. 固定搭配help (to) do sth.，故填(to) improve；7. a后需接名词，successful的名词形式是success；8. 表示“在英国各地”，用介词around/across；9. 根据范围in Europe，需用large的最高级；10. 前后句为因果关系，后句表原因，用连词because。
【解析】1. 考查冠词：organization以元音音素开头，泛指“一个组织”，故填an；2. 考查被动语态：主语it（指代Oxfam）与support是被动关系，结构为“be+过去分词”，故填supported；3. 考查非谓语动词：此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语，故填to raise；4. 考查序数词：表示顺序“第一个”，用one的序数词first；5. 考查名词复数：developing country是可数名词，此处指多个发展中国家，故填countries；6. 考查固定搭配：help (to) do sth.（帮助做某事），故填(to) improve；7. 考查名词：不定冠词a后接名词，successful的名词形式为success，故填success；8. 考查介词：表示“在英国各地”，around/across符合语境，故填around/across；9. 考查形容词最高级：根据范围“in Europe”，用large的最高级largest，表“最大的”；10. 考查连词：前后句为因果关系，后句说明原因，故填because。
【答案】1. an 2. supported 3. to raise 4. first 5. countries 6. (to) improve 7. success 8. around/across 9. largest 10. because
【知识点】冠词用法、被动语态、非谓语动词、序数词、名词复数
【点评】本题为英语语篇填空，围绕乐施会的介绍展开，考查基础语法与词汇运用，需结合语境和语法规则解题，难度适中，注重学生基础知识的掌握。
【难度系数】0.6

四、(核心素养·思维品质)(2025·盐城模拟改编)阅读理解。
传承雷锋精神
It is more than sixty years since the death of Lei Feng, and yet his spirit of selflessness is still alive, inspiring us. In fact, the wish to help others can always be found among common people.
On September 5, 2022, when an earthquake hit Luding, Sichuan, Gan Yu, a hydropower station(水电站)worker, chose not to leave but to stay in his workplace, saving villages downstream from being flooded. People think he is a hero like Lei Feng, but he doesn't feel that he should be compared to the young hero. "Lei Feng is a role model to all young people in China. The things he did may seem small, but behind them is the nobility(高贵的品质)that we can all achieve," he said.
Zeng Qiangfei is also from Sichuan. In 2013, when an earthquake happened in his hometown, he was studying in a middle school. Zeng remembered seeing rescuers(救援者)and volunteers gather there to help. When he grew up, he became a volunteer himself. After a terrible quake hit Türkiye and Syria in 2023, he flew there to help. During the rescue, he always saw local people bowing quietly to rescuers. "I grew up listening to Lei Feng's stories. He spared no effort to help others," said Zeng.
This view is shared by a British man named James Elroy Edginton, who lives in Hunan, the hometown of Lei Feng. Working at a local college, Edginton volunteers to help students from poor families, and is warmly regarded as a "Foreign Lei Feng". "I am honoured to be connected with the spirit of Lei Feng. His qualities are timeless and borderless," he said.
()1. Which of the following words can best describe Gan Yu?
A. Responsible.
B. Smart.
C. Patient.
D. Careful.
()2. Which of the statements below is a fact according to the passage?
A. Gan Yu is a hero like Lei Feng.
B. Zeng Qiangfei is warm-hearted.
C. Edginton lives in Hunan.
D. Edginton is a "Foreign Lei Feng".
()3.(创新考法·写作手法)How does the writer support his idea?
A. By listing numbers.
B. By giving examples.
C. By making surveys.
D. By asking questions.
()4. What's the best title for the passage?
A. The ways of helping others
B. The spirit of Lei Feng never dies
C. The stories of young heroes
D. Chinese volunteers are everywhere

1~4. ACBB

【分析】先快速通读全文，明确文章围绕“雷锋精神在当代普通人中传承”展开；做每道题时，先定位题目关键词到原文对应段落，再对比选项与原文内容，区分主观观点和客观事实、分析人物品质、判断写作手法、归纳核心主旨，逐一排除不符合的选项，得出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段内容，泸定地震时Gan Yu选择留在工作地，主动拯救下游村庄，体现出他的责任感，A选项“Responsible（有责任感的）”符合描述；B“Smart（聪明的）”、C“Patient（耐心的）”、D“Careful（仔细的）”均未在原文中体现，故选A。
2. 事实判断题：事实是客观存在的陈述，A“Gan Yu像雷锋一样是英雄”、B“Zeng Qiangfei热心”、D“Edginton是‘外国雷锋’”均为主观评价；C“Edginton住在湖南”是原文明确的客观事实，故选C。
3. 写作手法题：作者通过列举Gan Yu、Zeng Qiangfei、James三位普通人的具体事迹，支撑“雷锋精神在普通人中传承”的核心观点，采用举例子的手法，故选B。
4. 主旨大意题：全文围绕“雷锋精神在不同时代、不同人群中延续”展开，B选项“雷锋精神永不消逝”契合文章主旨；A“帮助他人的方式”、C“年轻英雄的故事”、D“中国志愿者无处不在”均偏离核心，故选B。
【答案】ACBB
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意与写作手法
【点评】本题以“传承雷锋精神”为主题，通过英语阅读理解的形式，考查学生对细节信息、事实与观点的区分、写作手法及主旨大意的理解，贴近现实热点，注重培养学生的思维品质，题型常规且难度适中。
【难度系数】0.7